Books
撒母耳记生命读经 · 第12篇

大卫的历史（一）

The History Concerning David (1)
神所豫备，合乎神心的人撒上十六章至撒下一章（一）蒙拣选、受训练、受膏、受试验、蒙称许
Prepared by God to be a Man According to the Heart of God 1 Samuel 16—2 Samuel 1 (1) Chosen, Trained, Anointed, Tested, And Approved
1读经：撒母耳记上十六至十七章。撒上十六章开始说到大卫的历史；他是神所豫备，合乎神心的人。十六至十七章给我们看见，大卫如何蒙神拣选、受神训练、为神所膏、受神试验并蒙神称许。
1Scripture Reading: 1 Sam. 16—17 First Samuel 16 begins the history concerning David as one prepared by God as a man according to the heart of God. Chapters sixteen and seventeen show us how David was chosen, trained, anointed, tested, and approved by God
2十五章结束于一种悲惨的情形。神放弃了扫罗，厌弃他作以色列的王。然后在十六章一节，神差遣撒母耳去接触一个可能只有十五岁的男孩。这给我们看见，当扫罗在滥用神所赐的君王职分时，神知道整个情形，并且作了奇妙的事，来豫备正确的人。神秘密的来到波阿斯和路得的曾孙大卫（得四21～22）那里。神给扫罗君王职分，目的是要建立神自己的国度。扫罗该作神的代理王，为神治理百姓。但扫罗作王完全是为著他自己。他僭用，甚至滥用神所给他的恩赐－国度、百姓和君王职分，为要建立他自己的王国。然而，当扫罗公开滥用这一切的时候，神却在暗中有所豫备。至终，神的豫备完成在耶西最小的儿子大卫身上。大卫是耶西的第八个儿子；在圣经中，八这个数字表征复活。按圣经的意义说，大卫是在复活里的一位；因此他是神所能使用的一个人。
2Chapter fifteen ends with a miserable situation. God had abandoned Saul, rejecting him from being king over Israel. Then in the first verse of chapter sixteen, God sent Samuel to contact a young boy, who was perhaps only about fifteen years old. This shows that while Saul was abusing the God-given kingship, God knew the whole situation and was doing something marvelous to prepare the right person. God went secretly to David, the great grandson of Boaz and Ruth (Ruth 4:21-22). God gave Saul the kingship for the purpose of building up His own kingdom. Saul should have been God’s acting king, reigning over the people for God. Yet he behaved as a king absolutely for himself. He usurped and even abused the gifts given to him by God—the kingdom, the people, and the kingship—in order to build up his own monarchy. But while Saul was openly abusing, God was secretly preparing. Eventually, God’s preparation was completed in David, the youngest of Jesse’ss ons. David was the eighth son, and in the Bible the number eight signifies resurrection. In the scriptural sense, David was one in resurrection; hence, he was the one whom God could use
3大卫为神所豫备，作一个合乎神心的人；若没有神的豫备，他就不能成为这样一个人。实在说来，是神把他创造成这样一个人，但他还需要经过蒙拣选、受训练、受膏、受试验、并蒙称许的过程。蒙拣选是美妙的，受神训练却需要经过受苦。受膏也很好，但受膏之后还要受试验。撒下五章四节告诉我们，大卫是在三十岁登基。当大卫还是十五岁的男孩子时，就为撒母耳所膏，然后他受试验也许有十五年之久，特别是受到扫罗的搅扰和麻烦。至终，大卫通过试验而蒙神称许。
3David was prepared by God to be a man according to the heart of God. Otherwise he could not have been such a man. In a very real sense, he was created by God to be such a man. However, he still needed to pass through the process of being chosen, trained, anointed, tested, and approved. To be chosen is wonderful, but to be trained by God is to go through suffering. To be anointed also is very good, but after being anointed we must be tested. Second Samuel 5:4 tells us that David was thirty years old when he began to reign. After David, a boy of about fifteen, was anointed by Samuel, he was tested for about fifteen years. In particular, he was bothered and troubled by Saul. Eventually, David passed the test and was approved by God.
壹 、蒙神拣选
I. Chosen By God
4大卫蒙神拣选。（撒上十六1～10。）『耶和华对撒母耳说，我既厌弃扫罗作以色列的王，你为他悲伤要到几时呢？你将膏油盛满了角，我差遣你往伯利恒人耶西那里去，因为我在他儿子当中，为自己选定了一个作王的。』（1。）耶西叫他的七个儿子从撒母耳面前经过，但耶和华都不拣选他们。大卫的家人似乎不关心大卫，神却定意要使用他，因为神已拣选了他。大卫是神在以色列人中间独一的选择。
4David was chosen by God (1 Sam. 16:1-10). “Jehovah said to Samuel, How long will you mourn for Saul, though I have rejected him from being king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil, and go; I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite; for I have selected for Myself a king from among his sons” (v. 1). Jesse had seven of his sons pass by Samuel, but Jehovah had not chosen them. David’s family seemed not to care for him, but God was determined to use him, for He had chosen him. David was God’s unique choice among the children of Israel
贰 、在卑微中受神训练
II. Trained By God In Humility
5神藉著环境，在卑微中训练大卫。神特意使他生为最小的、末后的，为要使他谦卑。不仅如此，大卫还被指派去旷野照顾羊群。他的七个哥哥没有一个愿意作这样的事，他们都要更好的工作。
5David was trained by God in humility through his circumstances. God purposely caused him to be born as the youngest one, the last one, to make him humble. Furthermore, David was assigned to go to the field to take care of the sheep. None of his seven brothers would do that; they all wanted a better job
参 、受膏
III. Anointed
6撒上十六章十二至二十三节叙述大
6First Samuel 16:12-23 relates how David was anointed
7卫如何受膏。
7A. By Samuel with Oil
一 、为撒母耳用油所膏
8因著大卫蒙神拣选，所以作神代表的撒母耳特地用油来膏大卫。（13上。）
8Because David was God’s choice, Samuel, God’s acting representative, came purposely to anoint him with oil (v. 13a
二 、由耶和华的灵从那日起剧烈的临到他所印证
B. Confirmed by the Spirit of Jehovah Rushing upon Him from That Day
9撒母耳用油膏大卫，耶和华的灵从那日起就剧烈的临到他，印证这事。（13下。）耶和华的灵剧烈的临到大卫，与生命（为著救恩）无关，乃与能力（为著外面的行动）有关。
9Samuel’s anointing David with oil was confirmed by the Spirit of Jehovah rushing upon him from that day (v. 13b). This rushing of the Spirit was related not to life for salvation but to power for outward activities
三 、消极一面的印证
C. Confirmed from the Negative Side
10在十四至二十三节我们看见，大卫的受膏也有消极一面的印证。
10In verses 14 through 23 we see that the anointing of David was confirmed also from the negative side
１ .耶和华的灵离开扫罗，
1. By the Spirit of Jehovah Departing from Saul
11有邪恶的灵从耶和华那里来惊扰他
11and an Evil Spirit from Jehovah Tormenting Him
12十四节说，耶和华的灵离开扫罗，有邪恶的灵从耶和华那里来惊扰他。这进一步印证神已经拣选了扫罗以外的人。从那日起，扫罗就不再有平安，并且妒忌大卫。他越看到大卫的长处，就越晓得国度不会传给他的儿子约拿单，乃要归给大卫。因此，扫罗好几次试图要杀大卫。一面扫罗被邪恶的灵所惊扰；另一面，他因著对大卫的认识而受搅扰。扫罗晓得，国度不会成为他的王国传给约拿单，乃要归给大卫。
12Verse 14 says that the Spirit of Jehovah departed from Saul and that an evil spirit from Jehovah terrorized him. That was a further confirmation that God had chosen someone other than him. From that time onward Saul no longer had any peace, and he became jealous of David. The more he saw the good points of David, the more he realized that the kingdom would not go to his son Jonathan but to David. Therefore, Saul tried to kill David a number of times. On the one hand, Saul was terrorized by an evil spirit. On the other hand, he was troubled by his realization concerning David. Saul realized that the kingdom would not be a monarchy passed on to Jonathan but instead would go to David.
２ .大卫被选为侍候扫罗的人
2. By David Being Selected and Becoming an Attendant of Saul
13当扫罗的臣仆看见有邪恶的灵从神那里来惊扰他，就题议找一个善于弹琴的来，等恶灵临到扫罗身上的时候，便使他弹琴。扫罗同意了，于是大卫就被带到扫罗那里，作臣仆侍候他。大卫拿琴用手而弹，扫罗便舒畅爽快，（23，）他也作了扫罗拿兵器的人。（21下。）扫罗甚是喜爱他。在神的主宰之下，大卫被选为侍候扫罗的人。神把这二人摆在一起，非常亲近的一同生活工作。然而，他们越亲近，扫罗就越恨大卫。扫罗和大卫成了彼此的试验；这二人被摆在一起，就完全被试验出来。扫罗被暴露为一个反对神意愿的人，大卫却显明为一个合乎神心的人；这是神的主宰。
13When Saul’s servants saw that an evil spirit from God was terrorizing him, they suggested that they seek out a man who was skilled in playing the lyre and who could play it when the evil spirit was upon Saul. Saul agreed, and David was brought to Saul to serve as his attendant. David played the lyre to refresh Saul at home (v. 23), and he also became Saul’s armor bearer (v. 21c). Saul loved him greatly. Under God’s sovereignty, David was selected to become an attendant of Saul. God put these two together to live and work together very closely. Eventually, however, the closer they became, the more Saul hated David. Saul and David became a test to each other. Simply by being put together, these two were fully tested. Saul was exposed as a person who was opposite to God’s will, and David was manifested to be a man according to God’she art. This was God’s sovereignty
14大卫在他与扫罗的关系上受试验；这意思是说，大卫一直被放在十字架上。这也可能是我们在召会生活和婚姻生活中的经历。召会生活中的圣徒，尤其是长老，可能成为我们的试验、十字架。同样，在婚姻生活中，我们的配偶可能是我们的十字架。既然不该有离婚或分居的事，所以在婚姻生活中，我们惟一的路乃是上到十字架，留在那里，让十字架了结我们的肉体和我们特别的雄心。
14For David to be tested in his relationship with Saul meant that David was continually put on the cross. This may also be our experience in the church life and in our married life. The saints in the church life, especially the elders, may become a test, a cross, to us. Likewise, in married life our spouse will be a cross to us. Since there should be neither divorce nor separation, the only way for us in our married life is to go to the cross and remain there, allowing the cross to terminate our flesh and our particular kind of ambition
15肆、在信靠神击败歌利亚的事上受试验，蒙称许在十七章，大卫在信靠神击败歌利亚的事上受试验，蒙称许。
15IV. Tested And Approved In Trusting God And Defeating Goliath In chapter seventeen David was tested and approved in trusting God and defeating Goliath.
一 、非利士的军兵和以色列人聚集摆阵
A. The Armies of the Philistines and the Men of Israel Being Assembled in Array
16非利士的军兵和以色列人聚集摆阵，要彼此打仗。（1～3。）这对扫罗和大卫都是个试验。
16The armies of the Philistines and the men of Israel were assembled in array and were ready to engage in a war against one another (vv. 1-3). This was a test to both Saul and David
二 、从非利士营中出来一个斗士，名叫歌利亚，向以色列的军队骂阵
B. A Champion by the Name of Goliath Coming Forth from the Camp of the Philistines to Defy the Armies of Israel
17从非利士营中出来一个斗士，名叫歌利亚，向以色列的军队骂阵。（4～11，16。）歌利亚身高六肘零一虎口。
17A champion by the name of Goliath came forth from the camp of the Philistines to defy the armies of Israel (vv. 4-11, 16). Goliath was six cubits and a span tall
１ .他狂傲英勇
1. Being Arrogant in His Valor
18歌利亚狂傲英勇，大有力量。（8～。）他狂傲的说，『我今日向以色列人的军队骂阵。你们叫一个人出来，与我战斗。』（10。）
18Goliath was arrogant in his valor, in his kind of strength and power (vv. 8-10). In his arrogance he 10 said, “I defy the ranks of Israel this day. Give me a man, and let us fight together” (v. 10).
２ .扫罗和以色列众人都惊惶
2. Saul and All Israel Being Dismayed
19当扫罗和以色列人听见歌利亚的话，他们都惊惶，极其害怕。（11。）
19When Saul and all Israel heard Goliath’swords, they were dismayed and greatly afraid (v. 11
３ .歌利亚骂阵四十日之久
3. Goliath’s Defying Lasting Forty Days
20歌利亚早晚都来骂阵，有四十日之久。（16。）
20Goliath’s defying lasted forty days, morning and evening (v. 16
三 、大卫打败歌利亚
C. David’s Defeating of Goliath
21十二至五十四节详述大卫如何打败歌利亚。
21Verses 12 through 54 give us a detailed account of David’s defeating of Goliath
１ .大卫的身分和职业
1. David’s Status and Occupation
22十二至十五节说到大卫的身分和职业。他的三个哥哥跟随扫罗出征。大卫是耶西八个儿子中最小的；他是侍候扫罗的，也是为他父亲放羊的。２.大卫的父亲打发他带食物
22In verses 12 through 15 we have a word regarding David’s status and occupation. His three older brothers went after Saul to the battle. David, the youngest of the eight sons of Jesse, was an attendant of Saul and a shepherd of his father’s sheep. 2. David Being Sent by His Father to Strengthen
去加强他的哥哥，问他们好
His Brothers with Food and to Greet Them
23大卫的父亲打发他带食物去加强他的哥哥，问他们好，要得些他们的消息。（17～22。）
23David was sent by his father to strengthen his brothers with food and to greet them and to get some news about them (vv. 17-22).
３ .大卫听见歌利亚的骂阵
3. David Hearing Goliath’s Defiance
24大卫听见歌利亚的骂阵，并且知道凡杀了那骂阵的，扫罗就必赏赐他大财，将自己的女儿给他为妻，并免他父家纳粮当差。（23～27。）大卫认为歌利亚乃是向永活神的军队骂阵。（26下。）他也认为杀这样一个骂阵的人，乃是除掉以色列人的耻辱。（26上。）
24David heard Goliath’s defiance and found out that Saul would make the man who killed the defier rich and give him his daughter and make the house of his father free from tax and duty (vv. 23-27). David considered that Goliath was defying the armies of the living God (v. 26b). He also considered that to kill such a defier was to turn away the reproach from Israel (v. 26a
４ .大卫长兄忿怒和藐视的话
4. The Anger and the Despising Word of David’s Oldest Brother
25二十八至三十节告诉我们大卫长兄忿怒和藐视的话。他的长兄讥笑大卫，说他应当留在旷野照顾那几只羊。他定罪大卫的骄傲和他心里的恶意。大卫的回答表明他到那里是有缘故的。（29。）大卫知道这缘故；乃是神打发他到那里，来打败这骂阵的人。
25Verses 28 through 30 tell us about the anger and the despising word of David’s oldest brother, who mocked him, saying that he should have remained to take care of those few sheep in the wilderness. He condemned David by accusing him of having pride and evil in his heart. David responded by indicating that there was a cause for his coming there (v. 29). David realized that the cause was that he had been sent there by God to defeat the defier
５ .大卫得扫罗同意，让他与歌利亚战斗
5. David Gaining the Agreement of Saul for Him to Fight against Goliath
26大卫得扫罗同意，让他与歌利亚战斗。（31～39。）首先，扫罗阻止大卫与歌利亚战斗，因为大卫还年轻，歌利亚自幼就作战士。（33。）但大卫确信耶和华必救他脱离歌利亚的手；这是基于他的经历，因他为父亲放羊时，耶和华救他脱离狮子和熊的爪。因著大卫作牧人的经历训练他信靠主，于是大卫能对扫罗说，『耶和华救我脱离狮子和熊的爪，也必救我脱离这非利士人的手。』（37上。）扫罗听见这话，就对大卫说，『去罢；耶和华必与你同在。』（37下。）于是扫罗就把自己的战衣给大卫穿上，但大卫试过后就脱掉了。（38～39。）
26David gained the agreement of Saul for him to fight against Goliath (vv. 31-39). At first, Saul discouraged David from fighting with Goliath, saying that David was but a youth and that Goliath had been a man of war since his youth (v. 33). However, David had the assurance that Jehovah would deliver him from the hand of Goliath. David’s assurance was based upon his experience of Jehovah delivering him from the paw of the lion and of the bear in his shepherding of his father’s sheep. Because his experience as a shepherd had trained him to trust in the Lord, David could say to Saul, “Jehovah, who delivered me from the paw of the lion and from the paw of the bear, He will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine” (v. 37a). When Saul heard this, he said to David, “Go, and may Jehovah be with you” (v. 37b). Then Saul put his armor on him, but David tried it and took it off (vv. 38-39
６ .大卫出去与歌利亚战斗
6. David Going to Fight against Goliath
27大卫出去与歌利亚战斗。（40～。）他手中拿杖，又在溪中挑选了五块光滑石子，手中拿著甩石的机弦。（40。）歌利亚因大卫年轻而藐视他，以为他到自己这里来，如人拿杖赶狗一样，就指著自己的神，咒诅大卫；又对大卫说，他要将大卫的肉给空中的飞鸟，田野的走兽吃。（41～44。）大卫对歌利亚说，『你来攻击我，是靠著刀枪和铜戟；我来攻击你，是靠著万军之耶和华的名，就是你所辱骂带领以色列军队的神。今日耶和华必将你交在我手里；我必杀你，斩你的头。今日我也要将非利士军队的尸首，给空中的飞鸟地上的野兽吃；使全地都知道以色列中有神；又使这众人知道耶和华使人得救，不是用刀用枪，因为争战的胜败全在于耶和华，祂必将你们交在我们手里。』（45～47。）
27David went forth to fight against Goliath (vv. 40-48). He took his staff, chose five smooth stones from the 48 brook, and held his sling in his hand (v. 40). Goliath scorned him for being but a youth and considered that his coming to him was as one with staves coming to chase away a dog. Goliath then cursed David by his gods and said that he would give David’s flesh to the birds of heaven and to the beasts of the field (vv. 41-44). David said to Goliath, “You come to me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come to you in the name of Jehovah of hosts, the God of the ranks of Israel, whom you have defied. On this day Jehovah will deliver you up into my hand; and I will strike you and remove your head from you. And I will give the corpses of the camp of the Philistines to the birds of heaven and to the animals of the earth on this day. And all the earth will know that there is a God in Israel; and all this congregation will know that it is not by sword or spear that Jehovah saves, for the battle is Jehovah’sand He will deliver you into our hand” (vv. 45-47).
７.大卫杀死歌利亚，击败非利士人
7). David Killing Goliath and Defeating the Philistines
28大卫杀死歌利亚，击败非利士人。（49～54。）他用机弦甩石，打进歌利亚的额，用歌利亚的刀割了他的头。（49～51上。）非利士人逃跑，以色列人和犹大人便追杀他们，夺了他们的营盘。（51下～53。）大卫将歌利亚的头拿到耶路撒冷，却将歌利亚的铠甲放在自己的帐棚里。（54。）
28David killed Goliath and defeated the Philistines (vv. 49-54). He killed Goliath by slinging a stone into Goliath’s forehead and beheading Goliath with his own sword (vv. 49-51a). The Philistines fled, and the men of Israel and Judah pursued them to slay them and plunder their camps (vv. 51b-53). David took the head of Goliath and brought it to Jerusalem, but he put Goliath’s armor in his tent (v. 54).
８ .神拣选并膏大卫的有力印证
8. A Strong Confirmation to God’s Choosing and Anointing of Him
29大卫胜过歌利亚和非利士人，乃是神拣选并膏大卫的有力印证。
29David’s victory over Goliath and the Philistines was a strong confirmation to God’s choosing and anointing of him
四 、扫罗发现大卫是耶西的儿子
D. Saul Finding Out That David Was the Son of Jesse
30扫罗发现手中拿著歌利亚头的大卫，是伯利恒人耶西的儿子。（55～58。）
30Saul found out that David, who held Goliath’she a din his hand, was the son of Jesse the Bethlehemite (vv. 55-58
31在十六至十七章，发生在大卫身上的事，完全是在神的主宰之下。我们都需要看见，今天因著我们追求基督，我们环境中的每一点，都完全在神主宰的手下。至终，向召会生活骂阵的人要被打败。因此，我们应当信靠主，对主有信心，并且安息。
31What happened to David in chapters sixteen and seventeen was altogether under God’s sovereignty. We all need to realize that because we are pursuing Christ today, every aspect of our environment is absolutely under God’ss ove reign hand. Eventually, those who defy the church life will be defeated. Therefore, we should trust in the Lord, have confidence in Him, and be at peace