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撒母耳记生命读经 · 第13篇

大卫的历史（二）

The History Concerning David (2)
神所豫备，合乎神心的人撒上十六章至撒下一章（二）受扫罗逼迫试验（一）
Prepared by God to be a Man According to the Heart of God 1 Samuel 16—2 Samuel 1 (2) Persecuted And Tried By Saul (1
1读经：撒母耳记上十八至二十章。
1Scripture Reading: 1 Sam. 18—20
2我们读圣经时，不该随便的解释圣经。我们的确需要从主来的引导，也需要知道管治的原则；否则，我们的解释可能是很疏忽的。我们读圣经中的历史书时，必须灵里贫穷，有一个寻求的灵。我们必须祷告说，『主阿，这里有一些东西是我所不知道的，但你知道。主阿，求你向我启示圣言这部分的内在意义。』当我们继续读大卫这位神所豫备，作合乎神心之人的历史时，这该是我们的祷告。
2As we read the Bible, we should not interpret it in a loose way. We surely need guidance from the Lord, and we also need to know the controlling principles. Otherwise, we may be careless in our interpretation. In studying the books of history in the Bible, we need to be poor in spirit and we need a seeking spirit. We need to pray, “Lord, there is something here that I do not know, but You know. Lord, reveal to me the intrinsic significance of this portion of the Word.” This should be our prayer as we continue to consider the history concerning David as one prepared by God to be a man according to the heart of God
伍 、约拿单对大卫的爱
V. JONATHAN’S LOVE FOR DAVID
3大卫受到扫罗的逼迫、试验。扫罗几乎是大卫所受一切试验的惟一源头。在神按祂的主宰所给大卫的试验里，神为他豫备了一个供备。神豫备了扫罗的儿子约拿单。约拿单爱大卫。（十八1～5。）
3David was persecuted and tried by Saul. Saul was nearly the unique source of all David’s trials. In the trials that God gave to him in His sovereignty, God prepared a provision for David. God prepared Jonathan, Saul’ss on, who loved David (18:1-5
一 、约拿单爱大卫，如同爱自己的性命一样
A. Jonathan Loving David like His Own Soul
4约拿单爱大卫，如同爱自己的性命一样。（1下，3下。）当作父亲的逼迫、图谋杀害大卫时，作儿子的却爱大卫到极点。这个家对大卫的态度似乎不一致：父亲恨他，儿子却爱他。神若没有这样豫备约拿单，大卫能否在扫罗之下忍受试验，还是个疑问。大卫能通过这些试验，主要是因著约拿单给他的帮助。从这里我们看见，当我们在神的试验之下，神也知道我们需要一些供备。一面我们有试验；另一面我们有神的供备，在试验中扶持、支持我们。
4Jonathan loved David like his own soul (vv. 1b, 3b). While the father was persecuting David and plotting to kill him, his son was loving David to the uttermost. It seems that there was discord in the family over David, with the father hating him and the son loving him. If God had not provided Jonathan in such a way, it is doubtful that David could have endured the trials under Saul. David could pass through these trials mainly because of the help that Jonathan rendered to him. From this we see that when we are under God’s trial, God knows that we need some provision. On the one hand, we have the trials; on the other hand, we have God’spr o vision to support us and sustain us in the trials
二 、他与大卫结盟
B. He and David Making a Covenant
5约拿单与大卫结盟。（3上。）盟约是要持守、履行到极点的承诺。
5Jonathan and David made a covenant, something that was to be kept and fulfilled to the uttermost (v. 3a).
三 、他将外袍、铠甲、刀、弓、腰带，都给了大卫
C. Giving His Robe, Armor, Sword, Bow, and Belt to David
6为著要装备大卫，约拿单将外袍、铠甲、刀、弓、腰带，都给了大卫。（4。）
6In order to equip David, Jonathan gave him his robe, armor, sword, bow, and belt (v. 4
四 、扫罗留住大卫，不容他再回父家
D. Saul Taking David and Keeping Him from His Father’sHo use
7扫罗留住大卫，不容他再回父家。（2。）这进一步指明，神已经豫备关于大卫环境的一切细节。
7Saul took David and would not let him return to his father’sho use (v. 2). This is a further indication that God had prepared all the details concerning David’s environment
五 、扫罗无论差大卫作甚么，大卫都行事精明
E. David Being Successful in Every Mission That Saul Sent Him On
8扫罗无论差遣大卫作甚么，大卫都行事精明。（5上。）大卫行事精明的秘诀在于他的智慧。甚至他年幼时，行事已经非常有智慧。例如，当他的长兄定罪他到以色列营中来，他就对哥哥说，『我来岂没有缘故么？』（十七29。）他知道他来是出于神，乃是神豫备他并打发他来。神的主宰把他摆在旷野牧羊，用狮子和熊的攻击来训练、豫备、装备他，好叫他能杀死歌利亚。大卫在说话和应对上也非常老练。他的幼年满了经历；这些经历乃是根基，使他在对付歌利亚时满有把握。一个十几岁的少年人能杀死狮子和熊，并不是一件小事。大卫在少年时就得著这个经历，所以他不害怕歌利亚。
8David was successful in every mission that Saul sent him on (v. 5a). The secret of David’s success was his wisdom. Even as a youth, he behaved in a very wise way. For example, when his oldest brother condemned him for coming to the camp of the Israelites, he asked his brother, “Is there no cause?” (17:29). He realized that there was a cause from God and that God had prepared him and sent him. God had sovereignly put him in the field to take care of sheep, and God used the attack of the lion and the bear to train, prepare, and equip him to kill Goliath. David was also very experienced in speaking and in confronting people. His youth had been full of experiences which were the basis for his assurance in relation to Goliath. It is not an insignificant thing for a teen-ager to kill a lion or a bear. As a youth David gained this experience. Therefore, he was not afraid of Goliath
六 、扫罗立大卫作战士长
F. Saul Setting David over the Men of Battle
9因著大卫行事精明，扫罗就立他作战士长，众百姓和扫罗的臣仆，都看为好。（十八5下。）凡扫罗向大卫所作的，都成为很好的机会，使百姓喜欢大卫。
9Because David acted wisely, Saul set him over the men of battle, and it was good in the sight of all the people and also in the sight of Saul’s servants (18:5b). Whatever Saul did to David became a good opportunity for David to gain favor with the people
陆 、扫罗妒忌大卫
VI. SAUL’S ENVY OF DAVID
10十八章六至九节给我们看见，扫罗
10In 18:6-9 we see Saul’s envy of David
11妒忌大卫。
11
一 、大卫击杀非利士人回来
A. David’s Return from Striking the Philistines
12大卫击杀非利士人回来之后，扫罗就妒忌大卫。（6上。）
12Saul became envious of David after David’s return from striking the Philistines (v. 6a).
二 、妇女的迎接和称赞
B. The Women’s Welcome and Praise
13大卫击杀非利士人回来时，妇女们从以色列各城里出来迎接扫罗。她们说，『扫罗杀死千千，大卫杀死万万。』（7。）扫罗听见这样的称赞，非常不喜悦，说，『将万万归大卫，千千归我；除了王位，还要给他甚么？』从那日起，扫罗就怒视大卫。（8～9。）扫罗发怒，并且妒忌大卫。
13As David returned from striking the Philistines, the women came out of all the towns of Israel to meet Saul and they said, “Saul has stricken down his thousands;/ But David, his ten thousands” (v. 7). When Saul heard this praise, he was displeased and said, “They ascribe ten thousands to David, but to me they ascribe only thousands. And what more can he have except the kingdom? So Saul eyed David from that day on” (vv. 8-9). Saul was angry and was envious of David
14今天在召会生活中，也有许多的『扫罗』。当别人得称赞，而我们没有得称赞时，我们可能会妒忌他们。例如你在聚会中分享，没有多少人说阿们；别人分享，却得著许多阿们。你可能对自己说，『为甚么这么多人对他说阿们，却很少人对我说阿们？』你若这样想，就是今天的扫罗。再举一个设立长老的事为例，来描绘召会生活中的扫罗。我们在设立长老时，必须公平、纯净，不耍政治。假设在一个召会里有五位弟兄领头，但是没有人被正式设立为长老。后来只有三位弟兄被设立。其余两位都是非常好的弟兄，但他们没有能力作长老。这二人可能会被绊跌，不明白为甚么那三人被设立为长老，他们却没有被设立。这两位弟兄可能会说，『我们五个人一直一同劳苦来照顾召会，但我们两个却被撇在一边。为甚么那三人被设立为长老，我们却没被设立？』这两位弟兄需要接受恩典，才能将他们的肉体摆在十字架上。否则，他们就会对召会冷淡退后，不再忠信的持守召会生活。召会生活的难处，都与肉体有关。在召会生活中，一切肉体都该消除。加拉太五章十七节说，『肉体纵任贪欲，抵抗那灵，那灵也抵抗肉体。』在全宇宙中，只有一个争战，就是人与神之间的争战；那与神争战的人就是肉体。肉体乃是与作为那灵的神争战；而这位神，就是那灵，也与我们的肉体争战。我们的肉体是神真正的仇敌。5然而，加拉太五章不只说到这争战，也说，『但那属基督耶稣的人，是已经把肉体连肉体的邪情私欲，都钉了十字架。』（24。）基督已经将肉体钉在十字架上；现今我们必须把这钉死应用到自己身上。
14There are many “Sauls” in the church life today. We may become envious when others are approved and we are not. For example, suppose you share in a meeting and hardly anyone says amen. Then someone else shares, and he receives many amens. You may say to yourself, “Why were so many amens spoken to him and so few to me?” If you say this, you are today’sS a ul. Let us take as another illustration of the Sauls in the church life the matter of appointing elders. In appointing elders we must be fair and pure, and we must not be political. Suppose that in a particular church five brothers are taking the lead, but thus far no one has been officially appointed to be an elder. Eventually, only three of these brothers are appointed. The other two are very good brothers, but they do not have the capacity to be elders. These two may be stumbled and wonder why the other three were appointed to be elders and they were not. These two brothers might say, “The five of us have been laboring together to take care of the church, but we two have been set aside. Why were the others appointed to be elders and we were not?” These brothers need to receive grace in order to put their flesh on the cross. Otherwise, they may become cold to the church and withdraw, no longer continuing faithfully in the church life. The hardships in the church life are related to the flesh. All the flesh in the church life needs to be diminished. Galatians 5:17 says, “The flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh.” In the whole universe there is only one war — the war between man and God. The man warring against God is the flesh. The flesh wars against God as the Spirit, and God who is the Spirit is warring against our flesh. Our flesh is the real enemy of God. However, Galatians not only speaks of this war but also says, “They who are of Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with its passions and its lusts” (v. 24). Christ has crucified the flesh, and now we must apply this to ourselves.
15大卫与扫罗大不相同。大卫只知道要照著神的心行事为人。他没有一点感觉要为著自己，只知道他的劳苦和行事为人，都是为著神的子民和神的国度。
15David was very different from Saul. David knew only to behave and to have his being according to God’she art. He had no feeling for himself. Rather, he knew only to labor and conduct himself for God’sp eople and God’skin gdom
柒 、扫罗设计杀大卫
VII. SAUL’S DEVICE TO KILL DAVID
16在撒上十八章十节至二十章四十二节，我们看见扫罗设计杀大卫。扫罗因著妒忌大卫，所以图谋如何杀他，又不破坏自己的名誉。
16In 1 Samuel 18:10—20:42 we have Saul’s device to kill David. Saul went from being envious of David to plotting how he might kill him without damaging his own name
一 、企图用枪将大卫刺透，钉在墙上
A. Attempting to Kill David by Striking Him with a Spear Even to the Wall
17扫罗企图用枪将大卫刺透，钉在墙上。（十八10～11上。）当扫罗企图要杀大卫时，大卫并没有作甚么为自己报复，他只是躲避。（11下。）扫罗也惧怕大卫，因为耶和华离开扫罗，与大卫同在。（12。）扫罗若学了认识肉体的功课，就会为著主拣选了大卫而敬拜主，并且看见主是主宰一切的；只有主，而不是扫罗，才该是源头。
17Saul attempted to kill David by striking him with a spear even to the wall (18:10-11a). When Saul attempted to kill him, David did nothing to avenge himself. He only fled (v. 11b). Saul was afraid of David, for Jehovah was with David and had departed from Saul (v. 12). If Saul had learned to know the flesh, he would have worshipped the Lord for choosing David. He would have realized that the Lord was sovereign and that He, not Saul, should be the originator
18扫罗使大卫离开自己，立他为千夫长。（13。）大卫出征无不成功，耶和华也与他同在。扫罗见大卫行事极其精明，就惧怕他。（15。）但以色列和犹大众人，都爱大卫。（16。）
18Saul removed David from being with him and made him the captain of a thousand (v. 13). In all his campaigns David acted wisely, and Jehovah was with him. When Saul saw that David acted wisely, he was in awe of him (v. 15). All Israel and Judah loved David (v. 16
二 、图谋使大卫被非利士人所杀
B. Plotting to Cause David to Be Killed by the Philistines
19扫罗图谋使大卫被非利士人所杀。（17～30。）扫罗的计画是将他大女儿米拉给大卫为妻；但他没有遵守诺言。（17～19。）当扫罗知道他的另一个女儿米甲爱大卫，他就计画将她给大卫为妻，作大卫的网罗。（21。）扫罗将米甲给大卫，条件是一百非利士人的阳皮。（22～。）扫罗想要用这条件，以实现他藉非利士人之手杀大卫的计谋。
19Saul plotted to cause David to be killed by the Philistines (vv. 17-30). Saul’sp lot was to give his oldest daughter, Me rab, to David as wife; however, Saul did not keep his word (vv. 17-19). When Saul learned that another daughter, Michal, loved David, Saul plotted to give her to David as wife that she might be a snare to him (v. 21). Saul’s giving of Michal to David was on the term that David would give him a hundred Philistine foreskins (vv. 22-25). Saul intended that this would fulfill his plan to 25 kill David through the hand of the Philistines.
20大卫将阳皮满数交给扫罗，于是扫罗将女儿米甲给大卫为妻。扫罗看出耶和华与大卫同在，女儿米甲也爱大卫，就更怕大卫，从此常作大卫的仇敌。（28～29。）不仅如此，每逢非利士首领出来打仗，大卫行事都比扫罗的臣仆精明。因此大卫的名极受尊重。（30。）
20David brought the full number of foreskins to Saul, and Saul gave him Michal as wife. When Saul saw that Jehovah was with David and that his daughter Michal loved him, he was more afraid of David and became his enemy from then on (vv. 28-29). Furthermore, when the princes of the Philistines went forth against Israel, David succeeded more than all the servants of Saul. So David’s name was very highly esteemed (v. 30).
三 、定意要杀大卫
C. Determining to Kill David
21扫罗不仅图谋要杀大卫，更定意要杀他。（十九1～7。）他对他儿子约拿单和众臣仆说，要杀大卫。
21Saul not only plotted to have David killed but determined to kill him (19:1-7). He told Jonathan his son and all his servants to kill David
１ .约拿单保护大卫，因他甚喜爱大卫
1. Jonathan’s Protection of David because of His Great Delight in David
22约拿单保护大卫，因他甚喜爱大卫。（1下～3。）约拿单通知大卫说，他的父亲想要杀大卫。约拿单也向大卫保证，他要与扫罗谈论到大卫；如果他知道甚么事，必定告诉大卫。
22Because of his great delight in David, Jonathan protected him (vv. 1b-3). Jonathan informed David that his father was seeking to kill him. Also, Jonathan promised David that he would speak about him to Saul and then tell David anything that he might learn
２ .约拿单安抚扫罗
2. Jonathan’s Appeasing of Saul
23约拿单安抚扫罗，述说大卫为扫罗并为以色列众人所作奇妙的事。（4～5。）结果扫罗得著安抚，不杀大卫，大卫就仍然侍立在扫罗面前。（6～7。）
23Jonathan appeased Saul concerning David by relating all the marvelous deeds David had done for Saul and for all Israel (vv. 4-5). As a result, Saul was appeased not to kill David, and David was in Saul’s presence as before (vv. 6-7
四 、又企图杀大卫
D. Attempting Again to Kill David
24扫罗只是暂时得著安抚，因为他后来又企图杀大卫。（撒上十九8～24，参诗五九篇题。）
24Saul was appeased only temporarily, for he attempted again to kill David (vv. 8-24; cf. Psa. 59, title
１ .想要用枪刺透大卫，钉在墙上
1. By Trying to Strike David to the Wall
25扫罗想要用枪刺透大卫，钉在墙上；那时扫罗受到从神那里来的恶灵搅扰，大卫正为扫罗弹琴。（撒上十九9～10上。）有些人读这卷书，可能会因著恶灵从耶和华那里来搅扰扫罗而受困惑；他们希奇为甚么会发生这样的事。像这样的事，我们必须看见，神是主宰一切的；一切都在神之下，一切都是为著祂，以完成祂永远的计画。２.大卫得他妻子，就是扫罗女儿米
25Saul tried to strike David to the wall while David was playing the lyre to Saul when Saul was troubled by an evil spirit from God (vv. 9-10a). Some readers of this book may be bothered by the fact that an evil spirit from Jehovah came upon Saul. They may wonder how such a thing could happen. In matters such as this, we need to realize that God is sovereign and that everything is under Him and everything is for Him to carry out His eternal plan. 2. David Fleeing from Saul with the Help of
甲 的帮助，逃离扫罗
His Wife Michal, Saul’s Daughter
26大卫得他妻子，就是扫罗女儿米甲的帮助，逃离扫罗。（10下～。）扫罗以为会成为大卫网罗的人，反而成了大卫的帮助。３.大卫逃到拉玛见撒母耳大卫逃到拉玛见撒母耳。（18～24。）大卫这样作，乃是到正确的源头去得安慰。扫罗三次打发差役去捉拿大卫，每一次神的灵都降在差役身上，使他们说豫言。（19～21。）然后扫罗亲自往拉玛去，神的灵也降在他身上，使他说豫言，甚至脱了衣服，在撒母耳面前说豫言，一昼一夜露体躺卧。（22～24。）
26David fled from Saul with the help of his wife Michal, Saul’s daughter (vv. 10b-17). The very one whom Saul thought would be a snare to David 17 was a help to him. 3. David Fleeing and Coming to Samuel at Ramah David fled and came to Samuel at Ramah (vv. 18-24). In doing this David went to the proper source to receive consolation. Saul sent messengers three times to seize David, and each time the Spirit of God came upon the messengers to cause them to prophesy (vv. 19-21). Then Saul himself went to Ramah, and the Spirit of God came upon him as well to cause him to prophesy, even to strip off his clothes and prophesy before Samuel, laying naked all that day and all that night (vv. 22-24).
五 、约拿单帮助大卫
E. Jonathan’s Help to David
27二十章描述约拿单帮助大卫。大卫求约拿单救他，（1～10，）约拿单帮助大卫逃离扫罗。（11～41上。）最后，大卫和约拿单在结盟的爱里彼此分离，（41下～42上，）于是大卫逃离扫罗。（42下。）这就是大卫所能作的。
27Chapter twenty describes Jonathan’s help to David. David entreated Jonathan to save him (vv. 1-10), and Jonathan helped David to flee from Saul (vv. 11-41a). Eventually, David and Jonathan departed from each other in the covenanted love (vv. 41b - 42a), and David fled from Saul (v. 42b). This was all that David could do.