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撒母耳记生命读经 · 第33篇

大卫的历史（十二）

The History Concerning David (12)
为百姓所加冠，作神在地上之国的王撒下二至二十四章（六）大卫放纵的罪，与神惩治的定罪
Crowned by the People to be the King for the Kingdom of God on the Earth 2 Samuel 2—24 (6) David's Indulging Sin and God's Punishing Condemnation
1读经：撒母耳记下十一章一节至
1Scripture Reading: 2 Sam. 11:1—12:15a
2十二章十五节上。
2
3撒下十一章一节至十二章五节上半记载大卫放纵的罪，与神惩治的定罪。
3Second Samuel 11:1—12:15a is a record concerning David's indulging sin and God's punishing condemnation
壹 大卫放纵的罪
I. DAVID'S INDULGING SIN
一 当时约押和大卫的臣仆正与迦南诸王争战
A. In the Time while Joab and David's Servants Were Fighting against the Kings of the Canaanites
4十一章描述大卫犯罪，当时约押和大卫的臣仆正与迦南诸王争战。大卫差派约押和他的臣仆出战，但他自己仍住在耶路撒冷。（1。）
4David committed the sin described in chapter eleven in the time while Joab and David's servants were fighting against the kings of the Canaanites. David had sent out Joab and his servants, but he himself remained in Jerusalem (v. 1
二 他生活安逸
B. In His Life of Ease
5以色列的一切仇敌被征服，大卫被高举作以色列的王之后，大卫在安逸的环境中犯了大罪。这指明每当我们在安逸的环境中，就很容易被引诱放纵肉体。二节上半告诉我们，一日傍晚，大卫从床上起来，在王宫的平顶上走动。这里大卫是在享受安逸的生活，他的罪也是在安逸的日子犯下的。安逸很会破坏人。我们都需要劳苦、作工、受苦。受苦不会破坏我们，反而对我们有帮助；我们都需要劳苦或受苦。
5After all the enemies of Israel were subdued and David was exalted as the king of Israel, David committed a great sin while he was in a peaceful situation. This indicates that whenever we are in a peaceful situation, it is easy for us to be seduced to indulge our flesh. Verse 2a tells us that late one afternoon David rose from his bed and went for a walk on the roof of the king'sho use. Here David was enjoying a life of ease, and his sin was committed during a time of ease. Ease is a big spoiler. We need to labor, toil, and suffer. Instead of damaging us, suffering is a help to us. We need to be occupied with either laboring or suffering
三 放纵眼目的情欲和肉体的情欲
C. In His Indulging of the Lust of the Eyes and the Lust of the Flesh
6大卫的罪，乃是他放纵眼目的情欲和肉体的情欲的结果。（2下～3。）
6David'ss in was the issue of his indulging of the lust of the eyes and the lust of the flesh (vv. 2b-3
四 故意犯奸淫，抢夺人
D. Committing a Willful Adultery by Robbery
7大卫故意犯奸淫，抢夺人，滥用他王权的势力。（4～5。）这实在侮辱了神。大卫所犯的大罪，几乎抹煞了他过去一切的成就。
7David committed a willful adultery by robbery, abusing the power of his kingship (vv. 4-5). This was a real insult to God. David's great sin nearly annulled all his attainments from the past.
五 装假以遮盖他的恶行
E. Pretending to Cover His Evil Deed
8大卫故意犯奸淫后，又装假以遮盖他的恶行。（6～13。）至终，神就来暴露大卫。
8After committing a willful act of adultery, David pretended to cover his evil deed (vv. 6-13). Eventually, God exposed him
六 与约押同谋杀死他忠信的仆人乌利亚
F. Murdering Uriah, His Faithful Servant, by a Conspiracy with Joab
9大卫与约押同谋，杀死他忠信的仆人乌利亚。（14～25。）
9David murdered Uriah, his faithful servant, by a conspiracy with Joab (vv. 14-25
１ 派乌利亚到前线战事极险之处，叫别人退后
1. Putting Uriah in the Forefront of the Hardest Battle and Withdrawing from Him
10大卫写信与约押，指使约押派乌利亚到前线战事极险之处，叫别人退14-后使他被杀。（14～15。）大卫给约押这样的命令来对付乌利亚，是滥用他的王权。约押照大卫所吩咐的去作，乌利亚就被杀了。
10In a letter, David instructed Joab to put Uriah in the forefront of the hardest battle and then withdraw from him so he might be stricken down to death (vv. 15). By giving such a word to Joab concerning Uriah, David abused his kingship. Joab did what David commanded, and Uriah was killed.
２ 甚至牺牲了大卫的几个仆人
2. Even at the Sacrifice of the Life of Some of the Servants of David
11不只乌利亚被杀，大卫的仆人中甚至也有几个被杀。（17下。）这指明大卫谋杀乌利亚，甚至不惜牺牲他的几个仆人。
11Not only was Uriah slain, but also "some of the people, some of the servants of David, fell" (v. 17b). This indicates that David murdered Uriah even at the sacrifice of the life of some of the servants of David
３ 安慰鼓励约押
3. Comforting and Encouraging Joab
12约押当然知道他与人同谋，犯下大罪，他的良心必然定罪他。大卫却安慰鼓励那执行他阴谋的约押，说，『不要因这事愁闷，因为刀剑或是吞灭这人，或是吞灭那人。你只管加力攻城，将城倾覆。』（25。）大卫说出这话，是何等的可怕！乌利亚不仅是被刀剑吞灭，他事实上是被大卫谋杀，这样大卫才能夺取乌利亚的妻子。
12Joab surely realized that he was involved in a conspiracy to carry out a great sin, and his conscience must have condemned him. David comforted and encouraged Joab, the one who carried out the conspiracy, by saying, "Do not let this matter displease you, for the sword devours one as well as another. Strengthen your fighting against the city and overthrow it" (v. 25). What a terrible thing for David to say! Uriah was not merely devoured by the sword—he was actually murdered by David so that he could take Uriah's wife
13这里大卫的行为与约瑟和波阿斯的行为完全不同。约瑟受引诱，但他逃避奸淫。（创三九。）大卫的先祖波阿斯也保守自己的清洁，不放纵罪的肉体。（得三。）这纯洁使波阿斯蒙保守在基督谱系的线上。然而，大卫故意犯奸淫；他所犯的这罪干犯了十诫的后五条。（出二十13～17。）
13David's behavior here was utterly different from that of Joseph and Boaz. Joseph was tempted, but he ran and escaped from adultery (Gen. 39). Boaz, David's forefather, also kept himself clean from the indulgence of the flesh of sin (Ruth 3). This purity kept Boaz in the line of the genealogy of Christ. David, however, willingly committed adultery. By his one sin David broke the last five of the Ten Commandments (Exo. 20:13-17).
14大卫在加冠及登基之前，已经有许多妻子。撒下五章十三节说，他在耶路撒冷又立后妃。大卫在每一面都很完全，但他在放纵肉体情欲的事上很软弱。肉体的情欲就像一匹野马，我们必须把缰绳拉紧，才能制伏牠。大卫在这事上放松，就牺牲了他在追求神的事上最高的成就。大卫是一颗大『钻石』，但他情欲的放纵却是这颗钻石上一个黑暗的瑕疵。虽然他在属灵的追求上有高的成就，却仍然犯了这样的大罪。
14Before David was crowned and enthroned, he already had a number of wives. Second Samuel 5:13 says that he took more concubines and wives. David was perfect in every way, but he was weak in the matter of the indulgence of the lust of the flesh. The lust of the flesh is like a wild horse. To subdue this lust, we must hold the bridle very tightly. In this matter David was loose, and he sacrificed his high attainment in the pursuit of God. David was a great "diamond," but his indulgence in lust was a black, foreign particle in this diamond. Even though he was a person of high attainment in his spiritual pursuit, he was still able to commit such a great sin
七 乌利亚被大卫所杀，他的妻为自己的丈夫哀哭之后，大卫立即取了已死乌利亚之妻为自己的妻
G. Taking the Wife of the Dead Uriah as His Wife Right after Her Lamentation for Her Husband, Murdered by David
15乌利亚的妻听见丈夫乌利亚死了，就为他哀哭。哀哭的日子过了，大卫就取了她为自己的妻。（十一26～27上。）
15When the wife of Uriah heard that her husband was dead, she made lamentation for him. As soon as her mourning was over, David took her as his wife (11:26-27a
八 这事耶和华甚不喜悦
H. Displeasing Jehovah to the Uttermost
16大卫所作的事，耶和华甚不喜悦。（27下。）在圣经别的地方也题到大卫的这罪。王上十五章五节说，『大卫除了赫人乌利亚那件事，一生都是行耶和华眼中看为正的事，没有偏离耶和华一切所吩咐他的。』1（另译。）甚至在马太一章基督的家谱里也说到这事：『大卫从作过乌利亚妻子的生所罗门。』（6下。）这家谱没有说『拔示巴』，而说『作过乌利亚妻子的』，这是要强调大卫所犯的这个大罪。
16The thing that David did displeased Jehovah to the uttermost (v. 27b). David'ss in is referred to elsewhere in the Bible. First Kings 15:5 says, " David did that which was right in the eyes of the Lord, and turned not aside from any thing that he commanded him all the days of his life, save only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite." Even in the genealogy of Christ in Matthew there is a word regarding this: "David begot Solomon of her who had been the wife of Uriah" (v. 6b). This genealogy does not say " of Bath - sheba " but " of her who had been the wife of Uriah," to emphasize this great sin of David's.
贰 神惩治的定罪
II. GOD'S PUNISHING CONDEMNATION
17撒下十二章一至十五节上半说到神对大卫的罪惩治的定罪。
17Second Samuel 12:1-15a speaks of God's punishing condemnation of David'ss in
一 藉著申言者拿单
A. Through Nathan the Prophet
18神藉著申言者拿单，对大卫说出祂惩治的定罪。（1上。）在七章拿单曾帮助大卫看见宇宙的需要，就是让神把祂自己作到人里面，建造到人里面。在十二章拿单又来到大卫这里，指出他所作的事，并责备他。
18God's punishing condemnation came to David through Nathan the prophet (v. 1a). In chapter seven Nathan had helped David realize that the need in the universe is for God to work Himself into human beings and to build Himself into them. In chapter twelve Nathan came to David to remind him of what he had done and to rebuke him.
二 用比喻引大卫定罪他自己所作的，就是杀死乌利亚，夺了他的妻子
B. By a Parable Leading David to Condemn Himself for What He Did in Murdering Uriah and Robbing Him of His Wife
19因为大卫王有权力，并且能彀滥用这权力杀死申言者拿单，所以拿单对大卫说话时很小心。拿单没有直接定罪大卫，而是用比喻引大卫定罪他自己所作的，就是杀死乌利亚，夺了他的妻子。（1下～7上。）当大卫听见富户夺了穷人的羊羔，『就甚恼怒那人，对拿单说，我指著永活的耶和华起誓，行这事的人是该死的。他必偿还母羊羔四倍，因为他行这事，没有同情的心。』（5～6。）于是拿单对大卫说，『你就是那人。』（7上。）
19Because David the king had power and because he could have misused this power to kill Nathan the prophet, Nathan was careful in speaking to David. Instead of directly condemning David, Nathan told him a parable which led him to condemn himself for what he had done in murdering Uriah and robbing him of his wife (vv. 1b-7a). When David heard about the rich man who took the poor man'se we lamb, David's "anger was greatly kindled against the man. And he said to Nathan, As Jehovah lives, the man who has done this is worthy of death; and he shall restore the ewe lamb fourfold because he has done this thing and because he had no pity" (vv. 5-6). Then Nathan said to David, "You are the man" (v. 7a
三 向他指出神为他所作的一切
C. Referring Him to All the Things That God Had Done for Him
20拿单接著向大卫指出神为他所作的一切。（7下～8。）拿单特别向大卫指出，神将以色列和犹大家赐给他。然后拿单说，大卫若还以为不足，神还要赐给他更多。
20Nathan went on to refer David to all the things that God had done for him (vv. 7b-8). Especially Nathan referred David to the fact that God had given him the house of Israel and of Judah. Then Nathan said that, if what had been given was too little, God would have added to David even more things
四 定罪他杀害乌利亚，抢夺他的妻
D. Condemning Him for His Murdering of Uriah and His Robbing Him of His Wife
21『你为甚么藐视耶和华的话，行祂眼中看为恶的事？你用刀杀害赫人乌利亚，娶了他的妻为妻，借亚扪人的刀杀害他。』（9。）这里神藉著拿单定罪大卫杀害乌利亚，抢夺他的妻。五神惩治之定罪的结果拿单对大卫说，因著他藐视耶和华，刀剑必永不离开他的家。（10。）神必从他家中兴起祸患攻击他。不仅如此，神必在他眼前，将他的妃嫔赐给一个与他相近的人，这人要在日光之下与她们同寝。（11。）大卫在暗中行这事，神却要在以色列众人面前，甚至在日光之下行这事。（12。）
21Why have you despised the word of Jehovah by doing what is evil in His sight? You have stricken down Uriah the Hittite with the sword and have taken his wife as your wife and have slain him with the sword of the children of Ammon" (v. 9). Here God, speaking through Nathan, condemned David for murdering Uriah and for robbing him of his wife. E. The Result of God's Punishing Condemnation Nathan told David that because he had despised Jehovah the sword would not depart from his house forever (v. 10). God would raise up trouble against him from within his house. Further, God said that He would take David's wives before his eyes and give them to his companion, who would lie with them in the sight of the sun (v. 11). David had done this secretly, but God would do it before all Israel and even before the sun (v. 12
22这里我们看见，神不只是满有爱的，也是可畏的。在神的审判下，大卫家中发生淫乱和凶杀；大卫的儿子押沙龙，甚至背叛他。
22Here we see that God is not only loving; He is also fearful. Under God's punishment, there was fornication and killing in David's family, and David'ss on, Absalom, even rebelled against him.
六 大卫承认他得罪了耶和华；拿单对他说，耶和华已经除掉他的罪，他必不至于死
F. David Confessing His Sin against Jehovah, and Nathan Saying to Him That Jehovah Had Put Away His Sin and That He Would Not Die
23大卫承认他得罪了耶和华；拿单对他说，『耶和华已经除掉你的罪，你必不至于死。』（13。）这乃是神对大卫的怜悯，因为大卫的确应当死。然而，因著大卫给耶和华的仇敌大得亵渎的机会，故此他所得的孩子，必定要死。（14。）当神赦免的时候，祂也忘记了。（耶三一34。）赦免就是忘记，但神似乎没有忘记大卫的这个罪。我们曾指出，马太记载基督的家谱时，特意写著：『大卫从作过乌利亚妻子的生所罗门。』这指明大卫所犯之罪的严重性。我们必须从大卫学积极一面的功课，也要学消极一面的功课。肉体的情欲是一个破坏的因素，会毁坏我们。若是大卫这样一个敬虔的人也会受引诱，我们怎能逃脱？人就是人，肉体就是肉体，情欲就是情欲。我们与异性之间一直要保持距离。青年男女不该私下在关闭的房间里与异性谈话。凡敬虔的人，在接触异性的事上都不该放松。不论我们在属灵追求上有多少成就，我们任何人仍然可能犯这样的罪。
23David confessed his sin against Jehovah, and Nathan said to him, "Jehovah has also put away your sin; you will not die" (v. 13). That was God's mercy to David, for David surely deserved to die. Nevertheless, because David had given the enemies of Jehovah much occasion to blaspheme Him, Nathan told him that the son who was born to him would surely die (v. 14). When God forgives, He forgets (Jer. 31:34). To forgive is to forget. But it seems that God did not forget this sin of David's. As we have pointed out, in his record of Christ's genealogy, Matthew purposely wrote, "David begot Solomon of her who had been the wife of Uriah." This indicates the seriousness of David'ss in. We need to learn of David on the negative side as well as on the positive side. The lust of the flesh is a devastating element that can destroy us. If such a godly man as David could be seduced, can we escape? Human beings are human beings, flesh is flesh, and lusts are lusts. We should always keep a distance between ourselves and those of the opposite sex. A young man or young woman should not talk privately with someone of the opposite sex in a closed room. No godly person should be loose in contacting the other sex. Regardless of our attainment in our spiritual pursuit, it is possible for any of us to commit such a sin