Books
出埃及记生命读经 · 第23篇

逾越节（一）

The Passover (1)
1读经：出埃及记12:1-10,13,23,46下；13:4；路加二十二章22:7-8,14-15；约翰19:33,36；林前5:7。
1Scripture Reading: Exo. 12:1-10, 13, 23, 46b; 13:4; Luke 22:7-8, 14-15; John 19:33, 36; 1 Cor. 5:7
2神在圣经中的启示是以实际的方式，而不是以明白道理的方式来叙述的。因为神圣的启示以实际的方式来到，它总是活的。然而，若以道理的方式来叙述，其结果就是死亡。尤其是逾越节，不是当作道理来叙述，而是以与实际需要有关的方式来叙述。出埃及记十二章所描绘的逾越节，对基督的救赎是一个清楚、恰当，甚至是包罗万有的豫表。圣经别处没有以这样完满的方式来叙述基督的救赎。
2God’sr evelation in the Bible is presented in a practical way, not in the way of doctrinal understanding. Because the divine revelation comes in a practical way, it is always living. However, if it were given in a way of doctrine, the result would be death. In particular, the Passover is presented not as a doctrine, but in relation to a practical need. The Passover portrayed in Exodus 12 is a clear, adequate, and even all-inclusive type of the redemption of Christ. Nowhere else in the Scriptures is the redemption of Christ presented in such a full way
一 基督的豫表
I. A TYPE OF CHRIST
3所有的基督徒都知道，基督是神的羔羊，为我们完成救赎。（约一。）然而，很少人看见基督作为神救赎羔羊的清楚图画。这幅图画呈现在出埃及记十二章。
3All Christians know that Christ is the Lamb of God who accomplished redemption for us (John 1:29). However, not many have seen a clear picture of 29 Christ as the redeeming Lamb of God. This picture is presented in Exodus 12.
4你也许不了解这幅图画中某些细节的意义。例如，为甚么把血涂在门楣和门框上（十二22）而不涂在屋顶上？为甚么神吩咐以色列人用一把牛膝草将血洒在门楣和门框上？为甚么羔羊的肉要和苦菜同吃？我们能问出一连串的问题。很少基督徒能回答诸如此类的问题。我们都需要看见基督救赎的清楚图画。虽然新约启示出救赎的各方面，但它却不是系统化的道理。约翰一章二十九节说，基督是神的羔羊，而保罗在林前五章七节说到基督是逾越节。在新约各处，我们看见基督救赎的各个方面。但在出埃及记十二章，我们有一幅完全的图画。我们需要仔细来看这幅图画；至于正确的说明，我们需要查考其它部分的话语，尤其是新约。逾越节是基督的豫表。在林前五章七节保罗说：『我们的逾越节，基督已经被杀献祭了。』（原文。）保罗在这里不是说基督是我们的羔羊；他说基督是我们的逾越节。但逾越节如何能被杀献祭呢？答案乃是基督不仅是逾越节的羔羊，还是逾越节的每一方面。羔羊、无酵饼，和苦菜都与基督有关。所以，在原则上，基督不仅是逾越节的羔羊，而且就是逾越节本身。
4You may not understand the significance of certain details in this picture. For example, why was the blood put on the lintel and the doorposts (12:22) rather than on the roof? Why did God tell the children of Israel to use a bunch of hyssop to sprinkle the blood on the lintel and doorposts? What was the reason for eating bitter herbs along with the flesh of the lamb? We could ask question upon question. Few Christians are able to answer questions such as these. We all need to see a clear picture of Christ’s redemption. Although the New Testament reveals the various aspects of redemption, these aspects are not systematized in a doctrinal way. John 1:29 says that Christ is the Lamb of God, and in 1 Corinthians 5:7 Paul speaks of Christ as the Passover. Here and there in the New Testament we see aspects of Christ’s redemption. In Exodus 12, however, we have a complete picture. We need to consider this picture carefully; then to interpret it properly, we need to turn to other portions of the Word, especially to the New Testament. The Passover is a type of Christ. In 1 Corinthians 5:7 Paul says that “Our Passover, Christ, has been sacrificed.” Here Paul does not say that Christ is our lamb; he says that Christ is our Passover. But how could the Passover be sacrificed? The answer is that Christ is not only the Passover lamb, but also every aspect of the Passover. The lamb, the bread, and the bitter herbs are all related to Christ. In principle, therefore, Christ is not only the lamb of the Passover, but the very Passover itself.
5逾越节这词的意思是神的审判越过我们。在出埃及记十二章十三节主说：『我一见这血，就越过你们去。』最后，逾越节成了英语中的正式名词。逾越节这个正式名词的来源，就是十二章十三节的『越过』一词。但是为甚么基督称为我们的逾越节呢？根据出埃及记十二章，神越过以色列人，是因为逾越节羔羊的血已洒在他们房屋的门楣上和门框上。以色列人受了吩咐，要在他们屋内吃羊羔的肉。这表示房屋是他们的遮盖，他们在房屋之下并在房屋里面才能吃逾越节羊羔的肉。要把血洒在遮盖他们之房屋的门楣上和门框上。神一见这血，祂就越过以色列人。因此，这个越过是因著所洒的血。
5The word Passover means that the judgment of God passes over us. In Exodus 12:13 the Lord says, “When I see the blood, I will pass over you.” Eventually, the Passover became a proper noun in English. The proper noun Passover has its source in the words “pass over” in 12:13. But why is Christ called our Passover? According to Exodus 12, God passed over the children of Israel because the blood of the Passover lamb had been sprinkled on the lintel and the doorposts of their houses. The children of Israel had been commanded to eat the flesh of the lamb in their houses. This indicates that the house was to be their covering under which and in which they could eat the flesh of the Passover lamb. The house that covered them was to have blood sprinkled on the lintel and the doorposts. When God saw the blood, He passed over the children of Israel. Hence, this passing over was due to the sprinkled blood
6但因著保罗，我们看见逾越节不仅与血有关，它更与基督自己有关。今天我们是在血底下呢，还是在基督里？严格说来，说我们在血底下是不合乎圣经的。这个片语在新约中找不到。但是新约一再地说我们在基督里。根据林前一章三十节，我们得在基督里是本乎神。因我们是在基督里，祂自己就成了我们的逾越节。这意思是说，在基督能成为我们的逾越节以前，祂必须先是我们的遮盖。今天我们的遮盖不是血；而是基督。在出埃及记十二章，逾越节是根据血。但今天我们的逾越节是根据基督。这就是保罗能说基督是我们的逾越节的原因。如果请你列出在出埃及记十二章中逾越节的项目，你也许会题起羊羔、肉、血、无酵饼，和苦菜，但很可能你不会把房屋包括在内。出埃及记十二章的房屋是基督的一个豫表。在创世记三章末了，神用皮子遮盖亚当和夏娃。（21。）在创世记第四章，亚伯『将他羊群中头生的，和羊的脂油』献给耶和华。（4。）藉这供物，亚伯蒙神悦纳。以后我们读到挪亚奉命造一只方舟，我们可以把它看作一所流动的房屋。这方舟是基督的豫表，我们已被神摆在其中了。挪亚和他的家人进入方舟，他们在里面蒙拯救脱离洪水。这些例子表明圣经中的启示是渐3:21进的。在创世记三章二十一节，我们有皮子衣服；在创世记四章四节，有羊群中头生的供物；在创世记六章和七章，有挪亚所造的方舟。
6With Paul, however, we see that the Passover is related not only to the blood, but to Christ Himself. Are we today under the blood, or are we in Christ? Strictly speaking, to say that we are under the blood is not scriptural. This phrase is not found in the New Testament. But the New Testament says repeatedly that we are in Christ. According to 1 Corinthians 1:30, it is of God that we are inCh rist. Because we are inCh rist, He Himself becomes our Passover. This means that before Christ can be our Passover, He must first be our cove ring. Our cove ring today is not the blood; it is Christ. In Exodus 12 the Passover was based on the blood. But today our Passover is based on Christ. This is the reason Paul could say that Christ is our Passover. If you were asked to list the items of the Passover in Exodus 12, you would probably mention the lamb, the flesh, the blood, the unleavened bread, and the herbs. But probably you would not include the house. The house in Exodus 12 is a type of Christ. At the end of Genesis 3, we see that God used skins to cover Adam and Eve (v. 21). In Genesis 4 Abel “brought of the firstlings of his flock and of the fat thereof” and presented them to the Lord (v. 4). Through this offering, Abel was accepted by God. Later we read that Noah was charged to build an ark, which may be regarded as a floating house. This ark was a type of Christ into whom we have been placed by God. Noah and his family entered into the ark and in it they were saved from the flood. These instances indicate that the revelation in the Bible is progressive. In Genesis we have the coats of skins; in Genesis 4:4, the offering of the firstlings of the flock; and in Genesis 6 and 7, the ark made by Noah.
7在亚伯拉罕、以撒、雅各的生平中，我们没有救赎的清楚记载。为此，我们必须看出埃及记十二章所记载以色列人的经历。这里有神的救赎完全的发展。神的救赎首先记在创世记第三章。在创世记第三章里，我们有皮子；在创世记第四章我们有供物；在创世记第六和第七章，我们有方舟。现在在出埃及记十二章，有神的救赎完全的发展摆在我们面前。在这里方舟成了房屋，是基督的豫表；以色列人在房屋里并藉著房屋被遮盖。这就是在新约里没有一处经节说到我们是在基督宝血遮盖之下的原因。然而，有许多经节，特别是在书信里，说到我们是在基督里。根据加拉太第三章，神已将我们摆在基督里，如今我们是在基督里。因基督是遮盖我们的房屋，祂就是我们的逾越节。祂不仅是羊羔、无酵饼，和苦菜；祂还是房屋，门楣上和门框上已洒上了救赎的血。
7In the lives of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob we do not have a clear record of redemption. For this, we must go to the experience of the children of Israel recorded in Exodus 12. Here is the full development of God’s redemption that is first indicated in Genesis 3. In Genesis 3 we have the skins, in Genesis 4 we have the offering, and in Genesis 6 and 7 we have the ark. Now in Exodus 12 we have set before us the full development of God’s redemption. Here the ark becomes the house, a type of Christ, in which and by which the children of Israel were covered. This is the reason that no verse in the New Testament says that we are under the covering of the blood of Christ. However, a number of verses, especially in the Epistles, indicate that we are in Christ. According to Galatians 3, God has put us into Christ, and we are now in Christ. Because Christ is the house that covers us, He is our Passover. He is not only the lamb, the unleavened bread, and the herbs; He is also the house whose lintel and doorposts have been sprinkled with the redeeming blood
二 逾越节的时间
II. THE TIME OF THE PASSOVER
8逾越节的时间与某个月分和日期有关。希伯来人有两种历法─圣历和俗历。俗历是一般的，而圣历则与神救恩的经历有关。我们相信基督的人也有两种历法─圣历和俗历。凡有一般年龄却没有属灵年龄的人，就不是在基督里的真信徒，而且不能有分于基督作逾越节。作为神所救赎的人，我们有两种出生，两种开始：肉身的出生与肉身的开始，以及属灵的出生和属灵的开始。我能见证我有了第二次的开始，在神圣生命里的开始。在我们相信主耶稣的那一天，我们照著圣历的年龄就开始了。那一天我们有了新的出生和新的开始。
8The time of the Passover is related to a certain month and a certain date. The Hebrew people had two calendars, a sacred calendar and a civil calendar. The civil calendar was common, whereas the sacred calendar was related to the experience of God’s salvation. We who believe in Christ also have two calendars, a civil calendar and a sacred calendar. Anyone who does not have a sacred age as well as a civil age is not a genuine believer in Christ and cannot share in Christ as the Passover. As God’s redeemed ones, we have had two births, two beginnings: a physical birth with a physical beginning and a spiritual birth with a spiritual beginning. I can testify that I have had a second beginning, the beginning in the divine life. On the day we believed in the Lord Jesus, our age according to the sacred calendar began. On that day we had a new birth and a new beginning.
（一） 月分
A. The Month
9出埃及记十二章二节说到逾越节的月分：『你们要以本月为正月，为一年之首。』本节说出逾越节是在圣年的正月举行。原先这个月是俗年的七月。根据创世记八章四节，挪亚的方舟于七月十七日停在亚拉腊山上。很多圣经教师相信这个七月就是出埃及记十二章的正月。逾越节是在本月十四日。这意思是说，逾越节是在方舟停在亚拉腊山上那天的前三天举行的。这个方舟的著陆乃是基督复活的豫表。基督在十四日被杀，而祂在十七日复活。出埃及记十三章四节说：『亚笔月间的这日，是你们出来的日子。』亚笔月这词的意思是萌芽、发芽、柔嫩、青绿，它是指青绿的麦穗。被掳到巴比伦以后，这个月称为尼散月。（尼二1，斯三7。）萌芽和发芽表征生命活力的开始。我们的经历证实这个。在我们第一次呼求主名，相信祂，并且得救的那天，生命便从我们里面开始萌芽。凡没有这个经历的就不是一个真信徒。我们都能作见证，在相信主耶稣之后，有些东西就开始从我们里面萌芽了。最终，这个萌芽产生青嫩的子粒，就是内住生命的涌流。这表示在我们里面的神圣生命是繁生的。它是萌芽、生长、产生的生命。从我们得救的那天就开始，直到今天仍然继续著。
9Exodus 12:2 speaks of the month of the Passover: “This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.” This verse indicates that the Passover was held during the first month of the sacred year. Originally, this month was the seventh month of the civil year. According to Genesis 8:4, Noah’s ark landed on the mountains of Ararat on the seventeenth day of the seventh month. Many Bible teachers believe that this seventh month was the first month of Exodus 12. The Passover was on the fourteenth day of this month. This means it was held three days before the day that marked the landing of the ark on the mountains of Ararat. This landing of the ark was a type of the resurrection of Christ. Christ was killed on the fourteenth day, and He was resurrected on the seventeenth day. Exodus 13:4 says, “This day came ye out in the month Abib.” The word Abib means sprouting, budding, tender, and green, and it refers to green ears of wheat. After the Babylonian captivity, this month was called Nisan (Neh. 2:1; Esth. 3:7). Sprouting and budding signify the beginning of life’s energy. Our experience confirms this. On the day we first called on the name of the Lord, believed in Him, and were saved, life began to bud and sprout from within us. Anyone who has not experienced this is not a genuine believer. We all can testify that after we believed in the Lord Jesus, something began to bud and sprout from within us. Eventually, this sprouting produced tender green ears of grain, the issue of the inner life. This indicates that the divine life within us is productive. It is a budding, sprouting, producing life. This began the day we were saved, and it is still going on today
（二） 日期
B. The Date
10根据十二章三节，以色列人在本月初十日，『各人要按著父家取羊羔，一家一只』，用四天的时间豫备。到本月十四日，就是逾越节那日，把羊羔宰了。（6。）主耶稣也是在这个月的同一天被杀的。（路二二7～8，14～15，约十八28。）十四天是两周。在圣经里一周的意思是一个生命，而一周之末表明生命的结束。安息日会守第七日，就是一周之末。然而，我们享受第八日，就是七日的第一日，一个新周的开始，在复活里的新开始。（约二十1。）逾越节在本月十四日举行的事实，意思就是在两周的末了举行。这表示逾越节结束老旧的生命。这是指基督的死了结我们老旧生命的整个历史。
10According to 12:3, in the tenth day of the month the children of Israel were to take “to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers,” and prepare it for a period of four days. Then on the fourteenth day of the month, the actual date of the Passover, the lamb was killed (v. 6). The Lord Jesus was killed on the same day of the month (Luke 22:7-8, 14-15; John 18:28). Fourteen days make up two weeks. In the Bible a week means a life, and the end of a week denotes the end of life. The Seventh-Day Adventists observe the seventh day, the end of the week. However, we enjoy the eighth day, the first day of the week, the beginning of a new week, a new beginning in resurrection (John 20:1). The fact that the Passover was held on the fourteenth day of the month means that it was held at the end of two complete weeks. This indicates that the Passover ends the course of the old life. This means that Christ’s death terminates the entire history of our old life.
11我们已经指出，以色列人在本月初十日取羊羔。羊羔选好以后，要被察验四天，试验、察看牠是否有残疾。你若仔细读四福音，你将看见主耶稣也被试验四天。像出埃及记十二章中的羊羔一样，祂必须没有残疾。在那四天之内，主耶稣被以色列会众察验，就是祭司、长老、文士，和法利赛人所代表的。赞美主，祂通过了试验，人发现祂毫无瑕疵！因此，当那些日子结束，逾越节来临时，祂就被置于死地。主耶稣在除酵节的第一天被捉拿。这天也是逾越节。逾越节开始于除酵节的第一天，除酵节持续整个七天。这意思是说，逾越节一开始，除酵节也就开始了。然而，逾越节只有一天，而除酵节再延续六天。这就是逾越节也能称为除酵节的原因。因此，路加二十二章七节说：『除酵节，22:7须宰逾越节羊羔的那一天到了。』主耶稣是在逾越节的前一天晚上被捉拿。（犹太历的算法，一天是从夜晚到白天，而不是从白天到夜晚，正如创世记第一章的算1法。）然后基督在逾越节那天被钉在十字架上。因此，祂的死正是豫表的应验。不仅如此，如我们所指出的，祂在本月十七日复活，应验了方舟在同月十七日停在亚拉腊山上的豫表。
11We have pointed out that the children of Israel took the lamb on the tenth day of the month. After a lamb had been selected, it was examined for four days to test it, to find out whether or not it had blemishes. If you read the Gospels carefully, you will see that the Lord Jesus also was tested for four days. Like the lamb in Exodus 12, He had to be without blemish. During those four days, the Lord Jesus was examined by the congregation of Israel, as represented by the priests, elders, scribes, and Pharisees. Praise the Lord that He passed the test and was found to be without blemish! Therefore, at the end of those days, when the Passover had come, He was put to death. The Lord Jesus was arrested on the first day of the feast of unleavened bread. This day was also the day of the Passover. The feast of Passover takes place on the first day of the feast of unleavened bread, which lasts a total of seven days. This means that when the Passover began, the feast of unleavened bread began also. However, the Passover lasted for one day, whereas the feast of unleavened bread continued for another six days. This is the reason that the feast of Passover could also be called the feast of unleavened bread. Hence, Luke says, “And the day of Unleavened Bread came, on which the Passover must be sacrificed.” The Lord Jesus was arrested during the night that preceded the day of the Passover feast. (The Jewish calendar counts from night to day rather than from day to night, just as Genesis does.) Then Christ was crucified on the very day of the Passover. Therefore, His death was the exact fulfillment of the type. Furthermore, as we have pointed out, He was resurrected on the seventeenth day of the month, in fulfillment of the type of the ark resting on the mountains of Ararat on the seventeenth day of the same month.
三 逾越节的羊羔
III. THE LAMB OF THE PASSOVER
（一） 以一家为单位
A. For the Unit of a House
12在十二章三节。以色列人受了吩咐，『各人要按著父家取羊羔，一家一只。』这里的重点乃是：逾越节的羊羔不是为著个人，而是为著一家。神拯救的单位不是个人；乃是家、家庭。例如，在约书亚记二章和六章，喇合与她父的全家都得救了。在路加十九章，主耶稣对税吏撒该说：『今天救恩到了这家』。（9。）根据行传十一章十四节，给哥尼流的应许乃是他和他的全家都要得救。（14。）此外，禁卒询问，当怎样行才可以得救时，保罗和西拉告诉他：『当信主耶稣，你和你一家都必得救。』（徒十六30～31。）这些事例表明神拯救的单位是家，而不是个人。
12In 12:3 the children of Israel were commanded to “take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house.” The crucial point here is that the Passover lamb was not for every individual, but for every house. The unit of God’ss alvation is not the individual; it is the house, the family. For example, in Joshua 2 and 6 Rahab was saved with all her father’sho use hold. In Luke 19, the Lord Jesus said to Zaccheus the publican, “Today salvation has come to this house” (v. 9). According to Acts 11:14, the promise was made to Cornelius that he and all his house would be saved (v. 14). Furthermore, when the jailer asked what he must do to be saved, Paul and Silas told him, “Believe on the Lord Jesus, and you shall be saved, you and your household” (Acts 16:30-31). These cases indicate that the unit of God’ss alvation is the house, not the individual.
13出埃及记十二章四节是很难了解的一节。『若是一家的人太少，吃不了一只羊羔，本人就要和他隔壁的邻舍共取一只，你们豫备羊羔，要按著人数和饭量计算。各家的大小有别。若是一家的人口太少，吃不了一只羊羔，本人就要和他隔壁的邻舍，按著人数共取一只。第四节说出，豫备羊羔，要按著人数和饭量计算。羊羔是一样的，但各家的大小不同。羊羔不可能太小，不彀一家人吃的，但是一家的人可能太少，吃不了一只羊羔。摩西在第四节的写法似乎很拙劣。事实上，他写得很有意义。我们若要了解这一节，必须注意三件事：一家的人可能太少，吃不了一只羊羔，需要和别家共取一只；要按著人数取羊羔；按著各人的饭量计算。我们若把这三点摆在一起，就要看见基督总是足彀的，在祂没有缺乏。享受祂的限度是根据人数和我们吃祂的度量。如果我们的度量是大的，基督足彀供应我们。如果我们的度量有限，祂仍能应付我们的需要。作为逾越节的羊羔，基督是全丰全足的。逾越节的羊羔所豫表的这位基督没有缺乏，在每种景况里祂都能完全应付我们的需要。不论我们的家或大或小，或与别家合并；不论人数多少，我们的胃口多大；基督足彀应付我们一切的需要。
13Exodus 12:4 is a verse that is difficult to understand. And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next unto his house take one according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb” (Heb.). The households differed in size. If a man’sho use was too small for the lamb, he and his neighbor were to come together to take one lamb according to the number of the souls. Verse 4 indicates that the lamb was both according to the number of the souls and according to every man’seating. The lamb remained the same, but the houses differed in size. The lamb could not be too small for a house, but the house could be too small for the lamb. It may seem that Moses’ composition in verse 4 is awkward. Actually, he wrote in a very meaningful way. If we would understand this verse, we must pay attention to three things: that a household could be too small for the lamb and would need to come together with another household; that the lamb was taken according to the number of the souls; and that the count for the lamb was made according to the eating of every man. If we put these three points together, we shall see that Christ is always sufficient. With Him there is no scarcity. The extent to which He can be enjoyed is both according to the number of people and according to our capacity to eat Him. If our capacity is large, Christ is adequate to supply us. If our capacity is limited, He can still meet our need. As the Passover lamb, Christ is all-sufficient. The very Christ typified by the Passover lamb has no scarcity. In every situation He can fully meet our need. It does not matter whether our family is large or small or whether it is joined together with another family. It does not matter how many souls there are or how large our appetite may be. Christ is sufficient to meet all our need
（二） 没有残疾
B. Without Blemish
14出埃及记十二章五节说：『要无残疾…的公羊羔。』无残疾就是完全的。这表征基督是完全的，没有瑕疵。（约八46。）
14Exodus 12:5 says, “Your lamb shall be without blemish.” To be without blemish is to be perfect. This signifies that Christ is perfect, without fault (John 8:46).
（三） 一岁的公羊羔
C. A Male of the First Year
15出埃及记十二章五节继续说，要『一岁的公羊羔』，『或从绵羊里取，或从山羊里取，都可以。』一岁的公羊羔是甚么意思呢？一岁就是新鲜的，还未作过任何其它用途的。在神眼中，当主耶稣钉在十字架上时，祂是一岁的。祂很新鲜，从来没有用于其它的目的。
15Exodus 12:5 goes on to say that the lamb had to be “a male of the first year,” taken either “out from the sheep, or from the goats.” What does it mean that the lamb was to be a male of the first year? To be of the first year is to be fresh and not to be used for any other purpose. In the eyes of God, when the Lord Jesus was put on the cross, He was of the first year. He was fresh, never having been used for another purpose
16我们得救的时候，都曾为著一些其它的目的被使用过。我们中间有些人为著好几种不同的目的被使用过。我们一点也不新鲜。我十九岁半时得救。然而，在神眼中，我老多了，因我已经为著其它的目的被使用过。相反的，主耶稣是新鲜的，没有为著其它的目的被使用过。出埃及记十二章五节指出，羊羔或从绵羊里取，或从山羊里取，都可以。根据马太二十五章，绵羊代表善人，山羊代表恶人。当基督在十字架上时，祂是善的或是恶的？实在说来，祂两者都是。当祂钉十字架时，祂是绵羊，也是山羊，这在乎从甚么角度来看祂的被钉。基督自己是全然良善的。然而，作为我2们的代替，祂是有罪的。正如保罗在林后五章二十一节所说：『那不知罪的，替我们成为罪。』（原文。）
16By the time we were saved, we had all been used for some other purpose. Some of us had been used for several different purposes. We were not at all fresh. I was saved at the age of nineteen and a half. However, in the eyes of God, I was much older, for I had already been used for other purposes. The Lord Jesus, on the contrary, was fresh and not used for another purpose. Exodus 1 2:5 indicates that the lamb could be either of the sheep or of the goats. According to Matthew 25, sheep signify those who are good, and goats those who are bad. When Christ was on the cross, was He good or bad? In a very real sense He was both. At the time of His crucifixion, He was both a sheep and a goat, depending from what angle His crucifixion is considered. In Himself Christ was altogether good. However, as our substitute, He was sinful. As Paul says in Corinthians 5:21, He who knew no sin was made sin on our behalf.
（四） 察验四天
D. Examined for Four Days
17正如逾越节的羊羔被察验了四天，（十二3，6，）照样基督也被察验了同样的期间。主被捉拿以后，受到六次察验，三次在祭司们手里，按著神的律法查问祂；三次在罗马官府之下，按著罗马的律法试验祂。最后，彼拉多不得不宣布，他查不出祂有甚么罪来。事实上，彼拉多宣布了三次，他查不出祂有甚么罪来。（约十八38，十九4，6。）基督是逾越节的羊羔，没有瑕疵，没有残疾。
17Just as the Passover lamb was examined for four days (12:3, 6), so Christ was examined for the same period of time. After He was arrested, the Lord was subject to six examinations, three at the hands of the priests who examined Him according to the law of God, and three under the Roman rulers, who tested Him according to Roman law. Eventually, Pilate had to declare that he could not find fault in Him. In fact, Pilate declared three times that he found no fault whatever in Him (John 18:38; 19:4, 6). Christ as the Passover lamb was faultless, without blemish
（五） 被以色列的全会众所杀
E. Killed by the Whole Assembly of the Congregation of Israel
18论到逾越节的羊羔，十二章六节说：『在黄昏的时候，以色列全会众把羊羔宰了。』你知道是谁杀了主耶稣么？祂乃是被神百姓的会众所杀。这意思是说，我们都在杀祂的事上有分。多年前，我读到一篇文章，描写以色列人在逾越节时如何宰杀羊羔。根据这篇文章，羊羔被摆在十字架上。以色列人拿两根木棒，作成一个十字形。他们把羊羔的两腿绑在十字架的底部，把另外张开的两腿绑在横木上。然后他们宰杀羊羔，使祂所有的血流出来，因为他们需要所有的血洒在他们的门框上。我们都知道，罗马帝国用十字架的死刑来钉死罪犯，但以色列人早在罗马帝国的时期以前，就用这种方法在他们的逾越节时宰杀羊羔。羊羔被宰杀的方式给我们一幅基督被钉十字架的图画。因此，逾越节的豫表，豫示基督为著我们蒙救赎被置于死地的日期和方式。
18Speaking of the Passover lamb, 12:6 says, “The whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.” Do you know who killed the Lord Jesus? He was killed by the congregation of God’sp eople. This means that we all had a part in killing Him. Years ago, I read an article describing how the children of Israel slew the lamb during the Passover. According to this article, the lamb was put on a cross. The children of Israel took two wooden bars and formed a cross. They tied two legs of the lamb at the foot of the cross and fastened the other outstretched legs to the crossbar. Then they slew the lamb so that all its blood was shed, for they needed all of the blood to sprinkle on their door frames. We all know that the Roman Empire used the death penalty of the cross to crucify criminals, but the children of Israel used this method long before the time of the Roman Empire to slay the lamb at their Passover. The way the lamb was killed affords a picture of Christ’s crucifixion. Therefore, the type of the Passover foreshadowed both the date and the way Christ would be put to death for our redemption.
（六） 血涂在为著救赎之房屋左右的门框上和门楣上
F. The Blood Put on the Side Posts and on the Upper Doorposts of the Houses for Redemption
19出埃及记十二章七节说：『各家要取点血，涂在吃羊羔的房屋左右的门框上，和门楣上。』血涂在门楣上和门框上是为著救赎。这血豫表基督救赎的血。（太二十六28，约1:18-十九34，彼前一18～19。）当以色列人取用逾越节的羊羔时，他们是在洒了羊羔之血的屋内。这表示救赎是根据联合。我们若非与基督联合，基督的血就不能救赎我们。惟有藉著在基督里，我们才能因基督的血蒙了救赎。如果我们在基督之外，祂的血就不能救赎我们。但是我们一在作为房屋的基督里，我们就因洒在房屋门楣上和门框上的血蒙了救赎。因著救赎是根据联合，我们就必须与基督联合，与基督合一。然后，因我们与祂合一，就能因祂的血得蒙救赎。挪亚所造的方舟也说明这件联合的事。挪亚和他的家人进入方舟，这样，他们与方舟联合，与方舟合一。藉著这个联合、合一，他们便因方舟蒙了拯救和救赎。同样的原则，要被逾越节羊羔的血所救赎，以色列人必须在洒了血的房屋里。不仅如此，凡要取用基督救赎的人，都必须与祂联合。
19Exodus 12:7 says, “And they shall take of the blood, and put it on the two side posts and on the upper doorpost of the houses, where in they shall eat it” (Heb.). The blood put on the lintel and the doorposts was for redemption. This blood typifies the redeeming blood of Christ (Matt. 26:28; John 19:34; 1 Pet. 19). As the children of Israel applied the Passover lamb, they were in houses that had been sprinkled with the blood of the lamb. This indicates that redemption is based on union. The blood of Christ cannot redeem us unless we are in union with Christ. Only by being in Christ can we be redeemed with the blood of Christ. If we are outside of Christ, His blood cannot redeem us. But once we are in Christ as the house, we are redeemed by the blood that has been sprinkled upon the lintel and doorposts of the house. Because redemption is based on union, we must be in union with Christ, identified with Christ. Then, because we are one with Him, we can be redeemed by His blood. The ark built by Noah also illustrates this matter of union. Noah and his family entered into the ark. In this way they were in union with the ark, identified with the ark. Through this union, this identification, they were saved and redeemed by the ark. In the same principle, in order to be redeemed by the blood of the Passover lamb, the children of Israel had to be in the house that had been sprinkled with the blood. Furthermore, any who would apply the redemption of Christ must be in union with Him.
（七） 吃羊羔的肉作为生命的供应
G. Its Flesh to Be Eaten for Life Supply
20吃逾越节羊羔的肉是为著生命的供应。（十二8～10。）主耶稣作为豫表的应验也是这样。每一本福音书都说到基督的血。然而，约翰福音继续说，基督的肉是可吃的。在约翰六章五十三节，主耶稣说，我们必须吃人子的肉，并且在五十五节祂宣告说：『我的肉真是可吃的。』这里的肉表征基督的生命。基督的生命是可吃的；它是我们生命的供应。这在约翰福音中题及，因为这卷福音书与其它三卷福音书相对，乃是以生命为焦点。因此，这卷福音书启示基督的血为著救赎，以及基督的生命作为供应。阿利路亚，我们有羔羊的血为著救赎，还有羔羊的肉为著生命的供应！
20The flesh of the Passover lamb was to be eaten for life supply (12:8-10). The same is true of the Lord Jesus as the fulfillment of the type. Each of the Gospels speaks of the blood of Christ. The Gospel of John, however, goes on to say that the flesh of Christ is edible. In John 6:53 the Lord Jesus says that we must eat the flesh of the Son of Man, and in verse 55 He declares, “My flesh is true food.” Flesh here signifies the life of Christ. The life of Christ is edible; it is our life supply. This is mentioned in the Gospel of John because this Gospel, in contrast to the others, is focused on life. Therefore, this Gospel reveals that the blood of Christ redeems and that the life of Christ supplies. Hallelujah, we have the blood of the Lamb for redemption and the flesh of the Lamb for the supply of life
1 用火烤
1. Roasted with Fire
21在十二章八节给了以色列人吃逾越节羊羔肉的正确方法：用火烤。火在这里代表神施行审判的圣洁忿怒。当基督在十字架上时，神圣洁的火审判祂并烧毁祂。诗篇二十二篇十四和十五节说：『我心在我里面如蜡镕化；我的精力枯干，如同瓦片；我的舌头贴在我牙床上。』然后祂喊说：『我渴了』，（约十九28，）因为祂被神审判的圣洁之火所焚烧。
21In 12:8 the children of Israel were given the proper way to eat the flesh of the Passover lamb: roasted with fire. Fire here signifies God’sho ly wrath exercised in judgment. When Christ was on the cross, the holy fire of God judged Him and consumed Him. Psalm 22:14 and 15 say, “My heart is like wax; it is melted in the midst of my bowels. My strength is dried up like a potsherd; and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws.” Then He cried, “I thirst” (John 19:28), because He was being burned by the holy fire of God’s judgment
2 不可吃生的
2. Not Raw
22十二章九节吩咐以色列人不可吃生的羊羔。今天那些不相信基督救赎的人，想要吃『生的』基督。这意思是说，他们把基督当作人类生活的模范或榜样，给他们来效法。事实上，这样作就是生吃逾越节的羊羔。
22In 12:9 the children of Israel were charged not to eat of the lamb raw. Today those who do not believe in Christ’s redemption attempt to eat Him “raw.” This means that they regard Christ as a model or example of human living for them to imitate. In effect, to do this is to eat the Passover lamb raw
3 不可吃水煮的
3. Not Boiled with Water
23再者，以色列人不可吃水煮的羊羔。（十二9。）吃『水煮的』基督，就是认为祂在十字架上的死不是为著救赎的死，而是殉道。今天很多人不相信基督是作救赎者而死。根据他们的观念，祂被人逼迫，作为殉道者而死，为了祂的教义牺牲自己。这样取用基督的死就是吃水煮的羊羔。在水里煮就是经历苦难，但不是圣洁之火的苦难。反而，这种苦难仅是逼迫之苦。
23Furthermore, the children of Israel were not to eat the lamb boiled with water (12:9). To eat of Christ as if He were “boiled with water” is to regard His death on the cross not as death for redemption, but as martyrdom. Many today do not believe that Christ died as the Redeemer. According to their concept, He was persecuted by man and died as a martyr, having sacrificed Himself for His teachings. To apply Christ’s death in this way is to eat the lamb boiled with water. To be boiled in water is to undergo suffering, but not the suffering of holy fire. Rather, this suffering is simply the suffering of persecution.
24今天人们尝试用三种方式接受基督。作为基要派的基督徒，我们相信基督在十字架上，在神的审判之下，为我们受苦。祂被火烧，并且被神忿怒的圣火所『烤』。作为我们的救赎主，祂为我们受审判。这就是接受『用火烤』的基督。这是神所命定的正确方式。第二种方式是接受『生的』基督，为摩登派所倡导的。这就是以基督为榜样，并效法祂的为人。第三种方式是接受『水煮的』基督。这就是认为基督在十字架上的死是受逼迫和殉道，而不是救赎我们的死。你是如何接受基督─用火烤，吃生的，或是水煮的？如果你相信基督因著人的迫害，作为殉道者死于十字架上，那你就是吃水煮的逾越节羊羔。然而，你若相信祂作为我们的救赎主而死，被神神圣的火所烤，那么你就是吃祂作为用火烤的逾越节羊羔。
24Today people try to use three ways to take Christ. As fundamental Christians, we believe that on the cross Christ suffered for us under God’s judgment. He was burned and “roasted” by the holy fire of God’s wrath. As our Redeemer, He was judged for us. This is to take Christ roasted with fire. This is the proper way ordained by God. A second way, advocated by modernists, is to take Christ “raw.” This is to take Christ as an example and to imitate the way He behaved. The third way is to take Christ “boiled.” This is to regard Christ’s death on the cross as persecution and martyrdom, not as death for our redemption. How do you take Christ—roasted, raw, or boiled? If you believe that Christ died on the cross as a martyr because of man’s persecution, then you eat the Passover lamb by boiling it in water. However, if you believe that He died as our Redeemer, being roasted by the holy fire of God, then you eat Him as the Passover lamb roasted in fire
4 要带著头、腿、五脏吃
4. With Its Head, Legs, and Inwards
25以色列人吃羊羔要带著头、腿，和五脏吃。（十二9。）头表征智慧，腿表征举止和行动，五脏表征基督里面的各部分。吃逾越节的羊羔要带著头、腿，和五脏吃，就是接受整个、完全的基督。当我们吃祂，我们就接受祂的智慧、举止、行动，和里面的各部分。5与无酵饼和苦菜同吃根据十二章八节，以色列人吃羊羔的肉要与无酵饼和苦菜同吃。吃无酵饼意思是除去所有罪恶的事。当我们享受基督作我们的逾越节时，我们必须除去一切罪恶的事。同时，我们需要吃苦菜。这意思是说，我们需要懊悔和悔改，对于罪恶之事经历一种苦味。当我们相信主耶稣，很多人接受祂作我们生命的供应，并且放弃一切罪恶的事。同时，我们经历懊悔和悔改。这表示我们吃基督时和苦菜同吃。
25The children of Israel were to eat the lamb with its head, legs, and inwards (12:9, Heb.). The head signifies wisdom, the legs signify activity and move, and the inwards signify the various inward parts of Christ’s being. To eat the Passover lamb with the head, legs, and inwards is to take Christ as a whole, in His entirety. As we eat Him, we take His wisdom, activities, move, and inward parts. 5. With Unleavened Bread and Bitter Herbs According to 12:8, the children of Israel were to eat the flesh of the lamb with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. To eat with unleavened bread means to eliminate all sinful things. When we enjoy Christ as our Passover, we must purge away everything sinful. At the same time, we need to eat bitter herbs. This means that we need to regret and repent, to experience a bitter taste regarding sinful things. When we believed in the Lord Jesus, many of us received Him as our life supply and also gave up everything sinful. At the same time, we experienced regret and repentance. This indicates that we ate Christ with bitter herbs.
26我们不该接受羊羔而没有无酵饼和苦菜。每当你接受基督作供应，你就接受一个无罪、无酵的生命，当你犯罪时给你一种苦的感觉，使你错误时便悔改。这生命对罪恶、任何的过犯、任何出于己的东西是很敏锐的。要使自己无酵，你必须悔改。
26We should not take the lamb without the unleavened bread and the bitter herbs. Whenever you receive Christ as your supply, you receive a life without sin, without leaven, that gives you a bitter feeling when you sin, that repents when you make a mistake. This life is sensitive to sin, to any kind of wrongdoing, to anything of the self. To keep yourself unleavened, you have to repent
6 不可剩下一点留到早晨
6. With Nothing Left until Morning
27出埃及记十二章十节说：『不可剩下一点留到早晨；若留到早晨，要用火烧了。』逾越节的羊羔不可剩下一点留到早晨。这表明我们要完全地接受基督，而不是部分地。不可剩下基督的任何部分。要完全地接受祂。
27Exodus 12:10 says, “And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire.” Nothing of the Passover lamb was to be left until morning. This indicates that we are to receive Christ in a full way, not partially. Do not allow anything of Christ to be left over. Rather, take Him in full
（八） 羊羔的骨头一根也不可折断
H. Its Bones Not Broken
28出埃及记十二章四十六节说，逾越节羊羔的骨头，以色列人一根也不可折断。当基督作我们的逾越节羊羔被钉十字架时，祂的腿没有被打断。（约十九33，36。）基督的腿未被打断的事实，表明在逾越节的羊羔基督里面，有个折不断和不朽坏的东西。这个折不断和不朽坏的成分就是祂永远的生命。罗马的兵丁和犹太人能一起把基督钉在十字架上，但他们不能折断祂的永远生命。我们能从圣经证实骨头表征生命。根据创世记二章二十一节，耶和华从亚当身上取出一根肋骨，把它建造成一个女人。这个女人─夏娃就是从取自亚当身上的骨头造成的。所以，骨头表征分赐生命的生命。取自亚当身上的骨头将亚当的生命分赐到夏娃里面。同样的原则，基督未被折断的骨头，表征祂不能折断和不能朽坏的永远生命，将祂的生命分赐到我们里面。在我们逾越节的羊羔基督里，有这样一个不能折断和不能朽坏的生命，能将生命分赐到我们里面。
28Exodus 12:46 says that the children of Israel were not to break any of the bones of the Passover lamb. When Christ was crucified as our Passover lamb, His legs were not broken (John 19:33, 36). The fact that Christ’s legs were not broken signifies that in Christ, the Passover lamb, there is something unbreakable and indestructible. This unbreakable and indestructible element is His eternal life. The Roman soldiers and Jewish people could come together to put Christ on the cross, but they could not break His eternal life. We can prove from the Scriptures that the bone signifies life. According to Genesis 2:21, the Lord took a bone, a rib, out of Adam and built it into a woman. The woman, Eve, was produced from a bone taken out of Adam. Hence, a bone signifies life that imparts life. The bone taken out of Adam imparted Adam’s life into Eve. In the same principle, Christ’sun broken bone signifies His unbreakable and indestructible eternal life that imparts His life into us. In Christ as our Passover lamb there is such an unbreakable and indestructible life that can impart life into us