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使徒行传生命读经 · 第53篇

藉著保罗一班同工的职事,在外邦地的繁殖 ( 十九 )

The Propagation in Asia Minor and Europe through the Ministry of Paul’s Company (19)
1读经:使徒行传20:13-38。在本篇信息中,我们要开始看二十章十三至三十八节。在使徒行传这一段,保罗往米利都去,在那里会
1Scripture Reading: Acts 20:13-38 In this message we shall begin to consider 20:13-38. In this portion of Acts Paul goes to Miletus and meets there with the elders of the church in Ephesus
2见以弗所召会的长老。
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3十六节说,『因为保罗早已定意越过以弗所,免得在亚西亚耽延时日;他急忙前行,巴不得赶五旬节能到耶路撒冷。』保罗也许是要在五旬节这一天,会见从不同国家来到耶路撒冷的人。(参徒二1,5。)
3Verse 16 says, “For Paul had decided to sail past Ephesus so that he might not have to spend time in Asia; for he was hurrying that if possible he might be in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost.” Probably Paul wanted to be in Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost in order to meet many people from different countries who came to Jerusalem on this day (cf. 2:1, 5
宣传神所有的旨意
DECLARING ALL THE COUNSEL OF GOD
4保罗从米利都『打发人往以弗所去,请召会的长老来。』(徒二十17。)他们来到他那里,他就说,『你们知道,自从我到亚西亚第一天以来,与你们在一起始终为人如何,服事主,凡事谦卑,常常流泪,又因犹太人的谋害,历经试炼。凡与你们有益的,我没有一样避讳不告诉你们的,或在公众面前,或挨家挨户,我都教导你们。』(徒二十18~20。)保罗在二十节说,凡与以弗所圣徒有益的,他没有一样避讳不告诉他们;他又在二十七节说,神的旨意,他没有一样避讳不告诉他们。这两节圣经是说到保罗在以弗所三年的施教,以及他施教的范围。按照二十节,保罗或在公众面前,或挨家挨户,都教导以弗所圣徒。这指明在保罗的时代有家聚会。保罗不仅在大庭广众间施教,也挨家挨户施教。这指明召会有在家里的小聚会,也有在公众场所的大聚会。
4From Miletus Paul “sent to Ephesus and called for the elders of the church” (v. 17). When they came to him, he said, “You yourselves know, from the first day that I set foot in Asia, how I was with you all the time, serving the Lord as a slave with all humility and tears and trials which came upon me by the plots of the Jews; how I did not shrink from declaring to you anything that was profitable, and to teach you publicly and from house to house” (vv. 18-20). In verse 20 Paul says that he did not shrink from declaring to the saints in Ephesus anything that was profitable, and in verse 27 he says that he did not shrink from declaring to them all the counsel of God. These verses refer to Paul’st hree years of teaching in Ephesus and indicate the extent of his teaching. According to verse 20, Paul taught the saints in Ephesus both publicly and from house to house. This indicates that at Paul’st i me there were home meetings. Not only did Paul teach publicly in a larger meeting place; he also taught from house to house. This indicates that the churches had small meetings in the homes as well as large meetings in a public place
见证悔改与信心
TESTIFYING REPENTANCE AND FAITH
5在二十一节保罗继续说,『又对犹太人和希利尼人郑重作见证,当悔改归向神,信入我们的主耶稣。』这里又用到『见证』一辞。作见证需要人对主或属灵的事物有看见并享受的经历,与仅仅施教不同。保罗在这里用这辞指明他自己经历过悔改归向神,信入主耶稣。所以,他能见证他所经历的。他不仅传讲并施教,也见证他在悔改和相信的经历中所经过的。
5In 20:21 Paul continues, “Solemnly testifying both to Jews and to Greeks repentance unto God and faith in our Lord Jesus.” Once again, the word “testifying” is used. Testifying requires experiences of seeing, participating, and enjoying. It is different from mere teaching. Paul’su se of this word here indicates that he himself had experienced repentance unto God and faith in the Lord Jesus. Therefore, he could testify concerning what he had experienced. He did not merely preach and teach; he testified of what he had passed through in his experience of repentance and faith.
灵里受捆绑,要往耶路撒冷去
GOING BOUND IN SPIRIT TO JERUSALEM
6在二十二节保罗接著说,『看哪,现在我灵里受捆绑,要往耶路撒冷去,不知道在那里要遇见甚么事。』我们已经看过,保罗本来有意从希腊的亚该亚,经过叙利亚,到耶路撒冷去;(徒十九21,林前十六3~7;)但因犹太人设计要害他,就改变路线,向北往马其顿去,从那里回到耶路撒冷。他知道犹太人要害他,他要因此受苦。(徒二十19。)这也可能是他要去耶路撒冷,灵里受捆绑的原因。二十二节的灵,乃是保罗重生的灵,他在这灵里事奉神。保罗在他与主灵联合的灵里,(林前六17,)豫感在耶路撒冷有事情要发生在他身上,圣灵也向他见证这事。(徒二十23。)
6In verse 22 Paul goes on to say, “And now, behold, I am going bound in the spirit to Jerusalem, not knowing what I will meet with there.” We have seen that Paul originally intended to go to Jerusalem through Syria from Achaia in Greece (19:21; 1 Cor. 16:3-7). Due to the Jews’ plot against him, he changed his route northward to Macedonia, and from there he returned to Jerusalem. Paul was aware of and suffering from the plots of the Jews (v. 19). This was possibly the cause of his being bound in spirit to go to Jerusalem. The spirit in verse 22 refers to Paul’s regenerated spirit, in which he served God. In his spirit, a spirit joined to the Lord the Spirit (1 Cor. 6:17), Paul sensed beforehand that something would happen to him in Jerusalem, and the Holy Spirit testified this to him (v. 23
7保罗知道有难处等著他,他在他的灵里领悟这个。地中海一带遍处的犹太人都设谋要抓他。不但是耶路撒冷的犹太人,还有亚西亚、马其顿、亚该亚的犹太人也定意要捉拿他。他们可能联手合作,有共同的计谋。最终,保罗末次去耶路撒冷时,被一些从小亚细亚到耶路撒冷的犹太人捉住了。保罗知道犹太人的计谋,说真的,他无处可去。如果他去小亚细亚,犹太人在那里。如果他去马其顿和亚该亚,犹太人在那里。如果他回犹太地,那里的犹太人更多。那样,他怎能不受捆绑?他要去那里?我们需要了解保罗的处境。保罗激起犹太人的反对不是因为作错甚么事。他们的反对乃是因他忠于神新约的经纶,因他不违背属天的异象。只因保罗忠于从主新领受关于神新约经纶的异象,他不论到那里都遭受反对。雅各和彼得都没有面临保罗所面临的反对。雅各妥协,彼得有点软弱。实际上,彼得的职事既开始在保罗以前,他应当先激起犹太人的反对。然而,彼得的情形不是那样。彼得无疑的是遭受了苦难,但他的受苦是来自外人,而保罗的受苦不仅来自外人,也来自自己人。
7Paul knew that trouble was waiting for him. He realized this in his spirit. The Jews throughout the area around the Mediterranean Sea were plotting to seize him. Not only those in Jerusalem but also those in Asia and in Macedonia and Achaia were determined to apprehend him. It may have been that they all were working together and had a joint plot. Eventually, in his last visit to Jerusalem, Paul was caught by some Jews who had come to Jerusalem from Asia Minor. Aware of the plot of the Jews, Paul, in a very real sense, had nowhere to go. If he went to Asia Minor, the Jews were there. If he went to Macedonia and Achaia, the Jews were there. If he went back to Judea, the Jews were there all the more. How, then, could he not be bound? Where was he to go? We need to understand Paul’s situation. It was not by doing something wrong that Paul stirred up the opposition of the Jews. Rather, their opposition was stirred up by his being faithful to God’s New Testament economy; it was provoked by his obedience to the heavenly vision. Simply because Paul was faithful to the vision he had received from the Lord concerning God’s New Testament economy, there was opposition to him wherever he went. Neither James nor Peter faced the kind of opposition Paul did. James was compromising, and Peter was somewhat weak. Actually, since Peter’s ministry began before Paul’s, he should have stirred up the opposition of the Jews. However, that was not the case with Peter. No doubt, Peter suffered. But his suffering came from the outsiders, whereas Paul’s suffering came from insiders as well as outsiders.
8我们若仔细读加拉太二章,会看见甚至雅各和彼得也都是保罗受苦的原因。保罗给加拉太人的信写得很率直,他告诉他们,他甚至当面责备彼得。如果彼得忠信,就不需要那样受责备。如果彼得忠信,他就会分担保罗许多的苦难。我这样说彼得不是轻看他。要对抗耶路撒冷浓厚的犹太教气氛是非常困难的。我们将会看见,保罗末次上耶路撒冷时,连他也被那里的气氛征服了。虽然他写了加拉太书和罗马书,他还是同意和那些许了愿的人联合,并同意进殿行洁净的礼。耶路撒冷的气氛是那样浓厚、强烈,以致没有人能彀抗拒。彼得和雅各都失败了。彼得失败是由于对那种光景没有尽力;雅各失败是由于对那种光景妥协。我们将会看见,在行传二十一章雅各著重的对保罗说,在耶路撒冷犹太人中信主的有多少万,并且都为律法热心。(徒二一20。)这指明那些信徒非常受犹太教的影响,把神新约的经纶与旧约的时代安排混在一起。我们若思考这件事,就会领会保罗的处境是非常的艰难。
8If we read carefully Galatians 2, we shall see that even James and Peter were both a cause of suffering to Paul. In writing the Epistle to the Galatians, Paul was frank. He told them that he had even rebuked Peter to his face. Peter would not have needed that rebuke if he had been faithful. If Peter had been faithful, he would have shared a great deal of Paul’s sufferings. In saying this about Peter I am not belittling him. It was very difficult to stand against the heavy Judaic atmosphere in Jerusalem. As we shall see, when Paul went to Jerusalem for the last time, even he was subdued by the atmosphere there. Although he had written the books of Galatians and Romans, he still agreed to take part with those who had made a vow and agreed to go to the temple to be purified. The atmosphere in Jerusalem was so heavy and strong that no one could withstand it. Both Peter and James were defeated by it. Peter was defeated by not doing anything about the situation, and James was defeated by compromising with the situation. As we shall see, in Acts 21 James said strongly to Paul that in Jerusalem there were many thousands among the Jews who believed and who were all zealous for the law (21:20). This indicates that those believers were strongly under the Judaic influence, mixing God’s New Testament economy with the Old Testament dispensation. If we consider this matter, we shall realize that Paul was in a very difficult situation
9有捆锁与患难等著他我们再看二十章二十二节,加上二十三节:『看哪,现在我灵里受捆绑,要往耶路撒冷去,不知道在那里要遇见甚么事,只知道圣灵在各城里向我郑重见证说,有捆锁与患难等著我。』保罗不知道在耶路撒冷会遇见甚么事,但有一件事他知道,就是圣灵向他郑重见证说,有捆锁与患难等著他。圣灵的见证只是豫言、豫告,不是嘱咐。因此他不该以此为命令,乃该以此为警告。虽然保罗无法确知在耶路撒冷有甚么事等著他,但他藉著圣灵的警告,知道有捆锁与患难等著他。
9BONDS AND AFFLICTIONS AWAITING HIM Let us consider 20:22 again along with verse 23: “And now, behold, I am going bound in the spirit to Jerusalem, not knowing what I will meet with there, except that the Holy Spirit solemnly testifies to me in city after city, saying that bonds and afflictions await me.” Paul did not know what he would meet with in Jerusalem, but he knew one thing, that the Holy Spirit solemnly testified to him that bonds and afflictions awaited him. The Holy Spirit’s testifying was only a prophecy, a foretelling, not a charge. Hence, he should not have taken this as a command but as a warning. Although Paul did not know exactly what was awaiting in Jerusalem, he knew, through the warning of the Holy Spirit, that bonds and afflictions awaited him.
10在二十四节保罗接著说,『我却不以性命为念,也不看为宝贵,只要行完我的路程,成就我从主耶稣所领受的职事,郑重见证神恩典的福音。』保罗这里的话关系到主新约的行动,要藉著福音繁殖复活的基督。二十四节的性命,或作魂。保罗这一节的话含示他感到将要殉道。
10In verse 24 Paul continues, “But I consider my life of no account as if it were precious to myself, in order that I may finish my course and the ministry which I received from the Lord Jesus to solemnly testify the gospel of the grace of God.” Paul’sword here is related to the Lord’s New Testament move in propagating the resurrected Christ through the gospel. In 20:24 the Greek word rendered “life” also means soul. Paul’sword in this verse implies that he sensed that he would be martyred
保罗施教的范围
THE SCOPE OF PAUL’STE ACHING
11二十五节接著说,『我曾在你们中间来往,传扬国度,看哪,如今我晓得,你们众人都不会再见我的面了。』这节指明保罗在以弗所传扬神的国。我们已经看见,神的国是使徒们在使徒行传里传讲的主题。(徒一3,八12,十四22,十九8,二八23,31。)这不是眼所能见物质的国,乃是神圣生命的国。在二十五节保罗告诉以弗所召会的长老,他们不会再见他的面。这指明保罗豫先晓得他要殉道。
11Verse 25 continues, “And now, behold, I know that you all, among whom I have gone about proclaiming the kingdom, will see my face no more.” This verse indicates that in Ephesus Paul proclaimed the kingdom of God. We have seen that the kingdom of God is the main subject of the apostles’ preaching in Acts (1:3; 8:12; 14:22; 19:8; 28:23, 31). This is not a material kingdom visible to human sight, but a kingdom of the divine life. In 20:25 Paul tells the elders of the church in Ephesus that they will see his face no more. This indicates that Paul realized beforehand that he would be martyred
12二十六、二十七节说,『所以我今日向你们见证,我在众人的血上是洁净的。因为神的旨意,我并没有一样避讳不告诉你们。』今日,直译,就在今天的日子;是一种强有力的语气。保罗在二十七节说,神的旨意,他并没有一样避讳不说的,这话指明他在以弗所作了大的工,也指明保罗对以弗所亲爱的圣徒施教的范围是甚么。
12Acts 20:26 and 27 say, “Wherefore I testify to you on this day, that I am clean from the blood of all men; for I did not shrink from declaring to you all the counsel of God.” Literally, the Greek word translated “on this day” means “on today’s day,” a very forceful expression. Paul’sword in verse 27 about not shrinking from declaring all the counsel of God indicates that he carried on a great work in Ephesus. Here we have an indication of the scope of Paul’ste aching to the dear saints in Ephesus
the Holy Spirit
圣灵立全群的监督
PLACING OVERSEERS AMONG THE FLOCK
13在二十八节保罗的话非常重要:『圣灵立你们作全群的监督,你们就当为自己谨慎,也为全群谨慎,牧养神的召会,就是祂用自己的血所买来的。』如在彼前五章二节,群,直译,小群。这群与世人相比,为数较少。(路十二32。)这小群是作生命供应的小菜蔬,不是给飞鸟栖宿的大树,(太十三31~32与注,)不是像基督教国那样庞大的宗教。
13Paul’sword in 20:28 is very important: “Take heed to yourselves and to all the flock, among whom the Holy Spirit has placed you as overseers, to shepherd the church of God, which He obtained through His own blood.” As in 1 Peter 5:2, the Greek word for “flock” literally means “little flock.” This flock is little in number (Luke 12:32) compared with the world. It is a little herb for the supply of life, not a big tree for birds to lodge in (Matt. 13:31-32 and notes), not a huge religion like Christendom.
14在二十八节,保罗告诉以弗所召会的长老,圣灵立他们作全群的监督。在各召会选立长老的乃是使徒。(徒十四23。)但领头的使徒保罗,虽然选立了长老,却在这里说是圣灵立的;这指明使徒选立长老时,圣灵与他们是一,也指明使徒选立长老是照著圣灵的引导。从保罗论到圣灵立全群监督的话,我们看见召会的存在完全是由于圣灵,不是由于使徒。虽然使徒选立了长老,但保罗在这里却说,这是圣灵的工作。这启示召会只有藉著圣灵的工作才得以存在。换句话说,使徒关于召会的工作该绝对是圣灵的工作。因为圣灵设立长老,所以建立召会的乃是圣灵。
14In 20:28 Paul tells the elders of the church in Ephesus that the Holy Spirit had placed them among the flock as overseers. It was the apostles who appointed the elders in every church (14:23). But here Paul, the leading one, who did the appointing says that the Holy Spirit did it. This indicates that the Holy Spirit was one with the apostles in their appointing the elders and that the apostles had done it according to the leading of the Holy Spirit. From Paul’sword concerning the Holy Spirit placing overseers among the flock we see that the existence of the churches is altogether due to the Holy Spirit, not due to the apostles. Although the apostles had appointed the elders, here Paul says that this was the work of the Holy Spirit. This reveals that a church comes into existence only through the work of the Holy Spirit. In other words, the work of the apostles concerning the churches should be absolutely the work of the Holy Spirit. Because the Holy Spirit establishes the elders, it is the Holy Spirit who establishes the churches
15二十八节的监督就是十七节的长老。这证明监督和长老是同义辞,指同一班人。立监督作一区的主教,辖管那一区各地的长老,乃是极大的错误。这就是以格那提(Ignatius)所教导的。这错误的教训成了阶级的依据,带进了宗教组织。监督,原文由『在上面,』与『观看者』所组成,因此是监督者。地方召会中的监督(提前三2)就是长老。这两个称呼指同样的人:长老,指成熟的人;监督,指长老的功用。第二世纪时,以格那提教导,监督(主教)高过长老;这错误的教训带来主教、总主教、枢机主教以及教皇的宗教组织。这教训也就是召会体制中主教治会系统的根源。宗教组织和系统,在神眼中都是可憎的。
15The overseers in verse 28 are the elders in verse 17. This proves that overseers and elders are synonymous terms denoting the same persons. To make an overseer a bishop of a district to rule over the elders of various localities in that district is grossly erroneous. This is what Ignatius taught. His erroneous teaching gave the ground to rank and brought in hierarchy. The Greek word for “overseer” is episkopos, from epi, meaning over, and skopos, meaning seer; hence, overseer (bishop, from Latin episcopus). An overseer (1 Tim. 3:2) in a local church is an elder. The two titles refer to the same person: elder, denoting a person of maturity; overseer, denoting the function of an elder. It was Ignatius in the second century who taught that an overseer, a bishop, is higher than an elder. From this erroneous teaching came the hierarchy of bishops, archbishops, cardinals, and the pope. This teaching is also the source of the Episcopal system of ecclesiastical government. Both the hierarchy and the system are abominable in the sight of God
牧养群羊
SHEPHERDING THE FLOCK
16在二十八节,保罗说到长老牧养群羊。长老作监督,主要的责任不是辖管,乃是牧养,给群羊,就是神的召会,周全柔细的照顾。圣灵将长老设立在召会中不是作辖管者,乃是作牧养者。牧养神的群羊,需要为基督的身体受苦,就如基督所行的。(西一24。)这种带著受苦的牧养,要得著那不能衰残的荣耀冠冕为赏赐。(彼前五4。)
16In Acts 20:28 Paul speaks of the elders shepherding the flock. The main responsibility of the elders as overseers is not to rule over the flock but to shepherd the flock, to take all-inclusive tender care of the flock, the church of God. The elders are not placed in the church by the Holy Spirit as rulers but as shepherds. Shepherding the flock of God requires suffering for the Body of Christ as Christ did (Col. 1:24). This kind of shepherding with suffering will be rewarded with the unfading crown of glory (1 Pet. 5:4).
17按照彼前五章一至三节,长老不是辖管群羊;就是说,他们不是操权辖管那些被治理的人。(太二十25。)在信徒中间,除了基督以外,不该有别的主,众人都该是仆人,甚至是奴仆。太二十26~27,二三10~11。)召会中的长老只能带领,(不能作主,)所有的信徒都该敬重并跟随这带领。
17According to 1 Peter 5:1-3, the elders are not to lord it over the flock; that is, they are not to exercise lordship over the ruled (Matt. 20:25). Among the believers, besides Christ there should be no other lord; all should be servants, even slaves (Matt. 20:26-27; 23:10-11). The elders in the church can take only the leadership not the lordship), which all the believers should honor and follow (1 Thes. 5:12; 1 Tim. 5:17
18(帖前五12,提前五17。)
18
召会的价值
THE VALUE OF THE CHURCH
对神犹如珍宝
AS A TREASURE TO GOD
19在二十八节保罗说,神的召会是祂『用自己的血』所买来的。这指明神宝爱召会,以及召会在神眼中宝贵、超绝的价值。这里使徒没有说到召会的神圣生命和性质,如在以弗所五章二十三至三十二节,乃是说到召会的价值对神犹如珍宝,是祂用自己的宝血所买来的。保罗盼望作监督的长老,和神一样宝爱召会。圣灵和神自己的血,二者都是神给祂所宝爱之召会的神圣供应。圣灵就是神的自己,神自己的血是指神的工作。神救赎的工作把召会买来,然后神的自己,就是那包罗万有赐生命的灵,(林前十五45,)藉著监督照顾召会。
19In Acts 20:28 Paul says that the church of God has been obtained “through His own blood.” This indicates the precious love of God for the church and the preciousness, the exceeding worth of the church in the eyes of God. Here the apostle does not touch the divine life and nature of the church as in Ephesians 5:23-32, but the value of the church as a treasure to God, a treasure which He acquired with His own precious blood. Paul expected that the elders as overseers would also treasure the church as God did. Both the Holy Spirit and God’sown blood are divine provisions for the church He treasures. The Holy Spirit denotes God’s Person, and His own blood, God’s work. God’s redemptive work acquired the church; now God’s Person, the all - inclusive life - giving Spirit (1 Cor. 15:45), cares for the church through the overseers.
20神自己的血,就是耶稣基督的血。这也含示主耶稣就是神。在下篇信息中,我们要更详细的来看神用自己的血将召会买来的意义。
20God’sown blood is the blood of Jesus Christ (1 John 1:7). This also implies that the Lord Jesus is God. In the following message we shall consider in more detail the meaning of God’s obtaining the church through His own blood.