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使徒行传生命读经 · 第71篇

著保罗一班同工的职事,在外邦地的繁殖 ( 三十七 )

The Propagation in Asia Minor and Europe through the Ministry of Paul’s Company (37)
1读经:使徒行传二十八章一至三十一节。在本篇信息中,我们要说到二十八章,使徒行传的最后一章。在二十八章一至十节,保罗到了米利大岛,并在那里行了许多神迹。然后在二十八章十一至三十一节,他到达罗马,结束第四次出外尽职的行程。11-首先他经过叙拉古、利基翁、部丢利、亚比乌市和三馆。(徒二八11~16。)在罗马,他与犹太首领接触,(徒二八17~22,)并尽职事。(徒二八23~31。)
1Scripture Reading: Acts 28:1-31 In this message we shall cover chapter twenty-eight, the last chapter of Acts. In 28:1-10 Paul comes to the island of Malta and there does many miracles. Then in 28:11-31 he arrives in Rome, ending the fourth journey. First he passes through Syracuse, Rhegium, Puteoli, the Market of Appius, and Three Inns (vv. 16). He contacts the Jewish leaders (vv. 17-22) and ministers in Rome (vv. 23-31).
到米利大岛
TO THE ISLAND OF MALTA, DOING MIRACLES
2二十八章一、二节说,『我们既已安全得救,才认出那岛名叫米利大。土人待我们有非常的情分,因为当时下著雨,天气又冷,就生火接待我们众人。』二节和四节的『土人,』或作,化外人。未必是未开化的人,乃是既不说希腊话,又不说拉丁话的人。
2Acts 28:1 and 2 say, “And having been brought safely through, we recognized then that the island was called Malta. And the natives showed us extraordinary kindness; for, having kindled a fire, they took us all in because of the rain coming on and because of the cold.” The Greek word translated “natives” in verses 2 and 4 also means barbarians, referring to those who spoke neither Greek nor Latin but who are not necessarily uncivilized
3三至五节说,『那时,保罗拾起一捆柴放在火上,有一条毒蛇因热出来,缠住他的手。土人看见那毒蛇悬在他手上,就彼此说,这人必是个凶手,虽然从海里安全得救,公理还不容他活著。保罗竟把那毒蛇甩在火里,并没有受伤。』四节和五节的『毒蛇,』直译,兽。但是医学作家用这辞指毒蛇。起先,因为保罗被毒蛇所咬,土人就认为他是个凶手。然而,如六节所说,他们至终改变了对他的想法:『土人等著看他肿起来,或是忽然仆倒死了,但等了多时,见他无事,就转念说,他是个神。』使徒不是好奇的土人所迷信的神,乃是在他的生活和职事中,将真神彰显出来。这位真神在耶稣基督里,经过成为肉体、为人生活、钉死十架、复活的过程,成了包罗万有的灵,活在使徒里面,并藉著他活出来。保罗在他书信里所记载的教训中,强调在灵里生活行事。在整个航程中,并现今在米利大岛上,保罗的确是在灵里生活行事。他所过的生活,的确是那成为肉体、钉死十架、复活、升天的基督。保罗的生活实际上就是赐生命之灵的彰显。在他日常生活的每个景况中,保罗都是他所传扬这位基督的彰显。他传扬那成为肉体、钉十字架、复活、升天而成为赐生命之灵的基督;在米利大岛上,他就是活这样一位成为包罗万有之灵的基督。保罗后来在腓立比一章二十、二十一节上半所写的话指明了这一点:『这是照著我所专切期待并盼望的,就是没有一事会叫我羞愧,只要凡事放胆,无论是生,是死,总叫基督在我身体上,现今也照常显大,因为在我,活著就是基督。』保罗只关心活基督并显大基督。在米利大岛上,保罗活基督并显大这位成为赐生命之灵的基督。我们读路加对保罗生活的记载,就看见他所活的,乃是包罗万有的灵,就是那成为肉体、钉死十架、复活、升天、被神高举之基督的终极完成。七、八节说,『那地附近有些田产是岛长的,这人名叫部百流,他接纳我们,亲切的款待了三天。当时,部百流的父亲患热病和痢疾躺著,保罗进到他那里,祷告并按手在他身上,医好了他。『痢疾虽是普通的疾病,却很难医治。然而,保罗生活一直如同统领国度的王,现今成了医生,医治部百流的父亲。九节接著说,『这样一来,岛上其余的病人也来得了医治。』这里我们看见保罗成了医生,甚至成了全岛的救主。凡被带到保罗这里的病人都得了医治。在风暴的海上,主已经使保罗成为与他同船之人的主人,(徒二七24,)也成为他们生命的保证人和安慰者。(徒二七22,25。)如今在平安的陆地上,主进一步使他不仅在迷信的人眼中成为神奇的吸引,(徒二八3~6,)也成为土人的医治者和喜乐。(徒二八8~9。)在他漫长、不幸且受监禁的航程中,主保守使徒在祂的超越里,使他活出一种生活,远超忧虑的境域。这种生活是全然尊贵,有最高标准的人性美德,彰显最高超的神圣属性,与多年前主在地上所过的生活相似。这是耶稣在祂被神性所丰富的人性里,再次活在地上!这是从前活在福音书里那奇妙、超绝、奥秘的神人,藉著祂许多肢体中的一个,在使徒行传里继续活著!这是成为肉体、钉死十架、复活、被神高举之基督的活见证人!保罗在他的航程里活基督,并显大基督,(腓一20~21,)难怪人对他和他的同伴多方尊敬,(徒二八10,)给与上等的礼遇和最高的敬意。
3Verses 3 through 5 continue, “But when Paul had collected a bundle of sticks and put them on the fire, a viper came out because of the heat and fastened on his hand. And when the natives saw the snake hanging from his hand, they said to one another, Undoubtedly this man is a murderer, whom, though he has been brought safely out of the sea, Justice has not allowed to live. However he shook off the snake into the fire and suffered no harm.” Literally, the Greek word for “snake” in verses 4 and 5 is “beast.” But medical writers used this term to denote poisonous snakes. At first, the natives thought that Paul was a murderer because he was bitten by a viper. However, as verse 6 indicates, they eventually changed their minds concerning him: “But they were expecting that he was about to swell up or suddenly fall down dead. But while they were expecting for a long time and beheld nothing unusual happen to him, they changed their minds and said that he was a god.” The apostle was not a god in the superstition of the curious natives, but he expressed, in his living and ministry, the true God, who in Jesus Christ has gone through the processes of the incarnation, human living, crucifixion, and resurrection and who was then living in Paul and through him as the all-inclusive Spirit. In his teaching as recorded in his Epistles Paul emphasized the matter of walking in the Spirit. Throughout the voyage and now on the island of Malta Paul certainly was walking in the Spirit. He surely lived a life that was the incarnated, crucified, resurrected, and ascended Christ. Paul’s living was actually the expression of the life - giving Spirit. In every situation of his daily living, Paul was the expression of the very Christ he preached. He preached the incarnated, crucified, resurrected, and ascended Christ as the life-giving Spirit, and on the island of Malta he lived such a Christ as the all- inclusive Spirit. This is indicated by Paul’s word, written later, in Philippians 1:20 and 21a: “According to my earnest expectation and hope that in nothing I shall be put to shame, but with all boldness, as always, even now Christ shall be magnified in my body, whether through life or through death; for to me to live is Christ....” Paul cared only to live Christ and to magnify Him. On the island of Malta Paul lived Christ and magnified Him as the life - giving Spirit. As we read Luke’s account of Paul’s living, we see that his living was the all - inclusive Spirit as the consummation of the incarnated, crucified, resurrected, and God-exalted Christ. Verses 7 and 8 say, “Now in the vicinity of that place were the lands of the leading man of the island named Publius, who welcomed us and gave us hospitality three days in a friendly way. And it came about that the father of Publius was lying down sick with fever and dysentery; and Paul went in to him, and having prayed and laid his hands on him, cured him.” Dysentery was a common disease, but it was difficult to cure. However, Paul, who had been living like a king ruling over his kingdom, now became a physician to heal the father of Publius. Verse 9 goes on to say, “And when this happened, the rest also in the island who had sicknesses came to him and were healed.” Here we see that Paul became the physician, and even a savior, to the whole island. All the sick who were brought to Paul were healed. On the sea in the storm, the Lord had already made the apostle not only the owner of his fellow voyagers (27:24), but also their life-guarantee and comforter (27:22-25). Now on the land in peace, the Lord made him further not only a magical attraction in the eyes of the superstitious people (vv. 3-6), but also a healer and joy to the native people (vv. 8-9). All during his long and unfortunate imprisonment-voyage, the Lord kept the apostle in His ascendancy and enabled him to live a life far beyond the realm of anxiety, but fully dignified with the highest standard of human virtues expressing the most excellent divine attributes, a life that resembled the one that He Himself had lived on earth years before. This was Jesus living again on the earth in His divinely enriched humanity! This was the wonderful, excellent, and mysterious God-man, who lived in the Gospels, continuing to live in Acts through one of His many members! This was a living witness of the incarnated, crucified, resurrected, and God - exalted Christ. Paul in his voyage lived and magnified Christ. No wonder the people honored him and his companions with many honors (v. 10), that is, with the best respect and highest regard!
4十节说,『他们又多方的尊敬我们,到了开船的时候,还给我们放上所需用的。』这节指明在米利大岛上的土人对待保罗和他的同伴,如同皇室的成员一般。保罗是王,而路加是皇室的一员。按照十节,土人把航程所需用的放上船。主用他主宰的权柄供应食物给二百七十六人。任何一位君王都必须供应食物给他的子民。保罗是君王,从这些土人接受供给。然而,他并不亏欠他们,因为他医好了他们中间许多的病人。就某种意义说,这些人把航程所需要的食物供应放上船,以支付保罗。
4Acts 28:10 says, “And they honored us with many honors; and when we put out to sea, they put on board the things for our needs.” This verse indicates that the natives on the island of Malta treated Paul and his companions as if they were members of a royal family. Paul was the king, and Luke was one of the family. According to verse 10, the natives put on board everything that was needed for the voyage. The Lord sovereignly provided food for two hundred and seventy-six people. Any king must provide food for his people. As a king, Paul received the supplies from the natives. However, he did not owe them anything for this, because he had healed so many of the sick among them. In a sense, the people paid Paul by putting on board the food supply needed for the voyage
到罗马,结束第四次的行程从叙拉古到罗马
TO ROME, ENDING THE FOURTH JOURNEY Through Syracuse, Rhegium, Puteoli, the Market of Appius, and Three Inns
5十一节说,『过了三个月,我们上了一只亚力山大的船,这船以丢斯双子为记,是在那岛上过了冬的。』丢斯双子,希腊文,Dioskouroi,指丢斯的双子迦斯托,Castor,和帕勒克斯,Pollux,其像固定在船尾上,作为水手的守护神。在叙拉古停留三天后,他们到达利基翁,然后到了部丢利;在部丢利他们遇见弟兄们。(徒二八~14。)十四节下半路加说,『这样,我们来到了罗马。』在十五、十六节他说,『那里的弟兄们,一听见我们的事,便来到亚比乌市和三馆迎接我们,保罗见了他们,就感谢神,壮起胆来。当我们进了罗马,保罗蒙准和一个看守他的兵丁另住一处。』亚比乌市离罗马六十多公里,三馆离罗马四十多公里。
5Acts 28:11 says, “And after three months, we put out to sea in an Alexandrian ship which had wintered in the island, with the twin sons of Zeus for its figurehead.” The Greek word rendered “twin sons” is Dioscuri, the twin sons of Zeus, Castor and Pollux. This was the figure of the guardian deity of the sailors affixed to the stern. After staying three days in Syracuse, they arrived at Rhegium, and then they came to Puteoli, where they found brothers (vv. 12-14). In verse 14b Luke says, “And thus we came to Rome.” In verses 15 and 16 he 12 continues, “And from there the brothers, having heard the things concerning us, came to meet us as far as the Market of Appius and Three Inns; and when Paul saw them, he thanked God and took courage. And when we entered into Rome, Paul was permitted to remain by himself with a soldier guarding him.” In Latin “Market of Appius” is Appii Forum, a place over forty miles from Rome. In Latin “Three Inns” is Tres Tabernae, a place over thirty miles from Rome.
6从罗马来的弟兄们热烈的欢迎,和在部丢利弟兄们爱心的关切,(徒二八13~14,)显出早期召会和使徒之间美丽的身体生活。这是在撒但所蒙蔽、人所居住的地上,属天国度生活的一部分。表面上,使徒是个在捆锁中的囚犯,进入撒但所霸占之帝国的黑暗首都;实际上,他是基督的大使,带著基督的权柄,(弗六20,太二八18~19,)在地上神的国中,有分于祂召会之身体生活里的另一部分。当他在撒但的帝国受到宗教的逼迫时,他在神的国中享受著召会生活。这对他是安慰,也是鼓励。按照十五节,保罗见了弟兄们,就感谢神,壮起胆来。这指明使徒很有人性。他虽然得著主直接的鼓励,(徒二三11,)在航程中一直非常勇敢,(徒二七22~25,33~36,)然而,他仍因弟兄们热情的欢迎而壮胆。在保罗的航程中,基督带著祂神圣的属性,彰显在保罗那拔高且带著美德的人性里。保罗在逆境中,一直是显大基督。(腓一20。)保罗抵达罗马以前,那里的弟兄们听见他和他同伴的消息,就远至亚比乌市和三馆迎接他们。他们如何得到保罗的消息?这事很难下定案。可能有些从部丢利来的弟兄们,(他们曾恳求保罗在那里住留七天,)把消息带给在罗马的弟兄们,他们就来迎接他。重要的事乃是:在这里我们看见一幅古时召会生活的图画,这样的召会生活很有享受。今天我们需要有这种享受的召会生活,并且跟随这几节所陈明的榜样。
6The warm welcome of the brothers from Rome and the loving care of those in Puteoli (vv. 13-14) show the beautiful Body life in the early days among the churches and the apostles. This life was a part of the heavenly kingdom life on the Satan-darkened and man-inhabited earth. Apparently the apostle, as a prisoner in bonds, had entered the area of the dark capital of the Satan-usurped empire. Actually, as the ambassador of Christ with His authority (Eph. 6:20; Matt. 28:18-19), he had come into another part of the participation in His church’s Body life in the kingdom of God on earth. While he was suffering the persecution of religion in the empire of Satan, he was enjoying the church life in the kingdom of God, which was a comfort and an encouragement to him. According to verse 15, when Paul saw the brothers, he thanked God and took courage. This indicates that the apostle was quite human. Although he was encouraged by the Lord directly (23:11) and he was very courageous all the way in his voyage (27:22-25, 33-36), he still took courage at the brothers’ warm welcome. It was in Paul’sup lifted humanity with its human virtues that Christ with His divine attributes was expressed in his voyage. He magnified Christ all the way in his adverse situation (Phil. 1:20). Before Paul arrived in Rome, the brothers there heard news concerning him and his companions and came to meet them as far as the Market of Appius and Three Inns. How did they receive the news about Paul? This is very difficult to decide. Perhaps some brothers from Puteoli, where Paul was urged to remain seven days, brought the news to the brothers in Rome, who then came to meet him. The important matter is that here we see a picture of the church life in ancient times, a church life that was very enjoyable. We need to have such an enjoyable church life today and follow the pattern presented in these verses
7在二十八章,保罗要去看罗马的愿望得著实现。热中犹太教的人一直设法阻挠他到外邦人那里去,但主的主宰权柄却把他带到罗马。在古时,从耶路撒冷旅行到罗马是件大事,但主带保罗深入外邦世界,甚至进到罗马帝国的首都。保罗抵达罗马时,一定满了喜乐。外面他是在捆锁中,但里面他却满了荣耀和说不出来的喜乐。
7In chapter twenty-eight Paul’s desire to see Rome was fulfilled. The Judaizers had tried to frustrate him from going to the Gentiles, but the Lord sovereignly brought Paul to Rome. It was a great matter in the ancient times to make a journey from Jerusalem to Rome. But the Lord brought Paul far into the Gentile world, even into the capital of the Roman empire. Paul must have been full of joy when he arrived in Rome. Outwardly he was in bonds, but inwardly he was full of glory and unspeakable joy.
与犹太首领接触并在罗马尽职事
Contacting the Jewish Leaders and Ministering in Rome
8保罗抵达罗马之后,立刻与犹太首领接触。(徒二八17~22。)他这样作很有智慧。然后,保罗开始向他们尽职供应。当然,有人接受他的职事,也有人弃绝他的职事。保罗在罗马,对罗马召会乃是加强,特别因为有许多犹太人得救了。保罗来到罗马,乃是在写罗马书之后不久;写了这封书信几年之后,他-作者-到了罗马。
8Immediately after arriving in Rome, Paul contacted the Jewish leaders (vv. 17-22). Paul was wise in doing this. Then Paul began to minister to them. Of course, his ministry was accepted by some and rejected by others. Paul’s being in Rome was a strengthening to the church in Rome, in particular because a good number of Jews had been saved. Paul came to Rome not too long after writing his Epistle to the Romans. A few years after writing this Epistle, he, the writer, came to Rome
9二十八章二十三、二十四节说,『他们和保罗约定了日子,就有更多的人到他的住所来,保罗从早到晚对他们讲解,郑重见证神的国,引摩西的律法和众申言者的书,以耶稣的事劝服他们。他所说的,有的信服,有的不信。』在此保罗见证神的国。我们已经指出,神的国是使徒们傅讲的主题。这不是眼所能见物质的国,乃是神生命的国。这是基督作生命扩展到信徒里面,形成神在祂生命里管治的范围。二十五至二十七节说,『他们彼此不合,就散了。散去以前,保罗说了一句话:圣灵藉申言者以赛亚,同你们祖宗所说的话,是不错的,祂说,「你去对这百姓说,你们听是要听见,却绝不领悟;看是要看见,却绝看不透;因为这百姓心蒙脂油,耳听不灵,眼睛闭著;恐怕他们眼睛看见,耳朵听见,心里领悟,回转过来,我就医治他们。」』父神在以赛亚六章九至十节,向顽固的以色列人说过这话。子神在马太十三章十四至十五节,向弃绝祂的犹太人也引用过这话。现今灵神又藉著使徒,向硬著心的百姓重复这话。这指明在神圣三一一切的行动里,以色列人向著恩典的神都是悖逆的。这使祂转向外邦人,藉著复活和升天的繁殖,开展神的国,建造众召会,而完成祂新约的经纶。(徒二八28。)
9Acts 28:23 and 24 say, “Now when they had appointed a day for him, many came to him in his lodging, to whom he expounded and solemnly testified the kingdom of God, persuading them concerning Jesus from both the Law of Moses and the Prophets, from morning until evening. And some were persuaded by the things which were said, but others did not believe.” Here Paul testified concerning the kingdom of God. As we have pointed out, the kingdom of God was the main subject of the apostles’ preaching. This is not a material kingdom visible to human sight, but a kingdom of the divine life. It is the spreading of Christ as life to His believers to form a realm in which God rules in His life. Verses 25 through 27 say, “And when they disagreed with one another, they began to leave, Paul having said one word, The Holy Spirit spoke rightly through Isaiah the prophet to your fathers, saying, Go to this people and say, Hearing you will hear and by no means understand, and seeing you will see and by no means perceive; for the heart of this people has grown fat, and they hear heavily with their ears, and they have closed their eyes, lest at any time they should perceive with their eyes, and hear with their ears, and understand with their heart and turn, and I will cure them.” God the Father spoke this word to the stubborn children of Israel in Isaiah 6:9-10. God the Son quoted this word to the rejecting Jews in Matthew 13:14-15. And now God the Spirit through the apostle repeated this word again to the hard-hearted people. This indicates that in all the moves of the divine Trinity the children of Israel were disobedient to the God of grace. Then He turned to the Gentiles for the carrying out of His New Testament economy in the spreading of His kingdom for the building up of the churches through the propagation of the resurrected and ascended Christ (v. 28
10二十八章三十节说,『保罗在自己所租的房子里,住了足足两年,欢迎一切前来见他的人。』这段期间,使徒写了歌罗西书、(参西四3,10,18、)以弗所书、(参弗三l,四l,六20、)腓立比书、(参腓一7,14,17、)腓利门书。(参门l,9。)在腓立比一章二十五节,二章二十四节和腓利门二十二节,他盼望从监禁中得著释放。也许在这两年以后,他得了释放,就访问以弗所和马其顿,(提前一3,)在那里他也许写了提摩太前书。然后他访问了革哩底、(多一5、)尼哥波立,(多三12,)在那里写了提多书;又访问了特罗亚、米利都,(提后四13,20,)也许在那里写了希伯来书。三十一节说,保罗在罗马自己所租的房子里居住的两年中,『全然放胆宣扬神的国,并教导主耶稣基督的事,毫无阻碍。』神的国是使徒行传著重点之一。路加写的这本使徒行传,开始于神的国,(徒一3,)也结束于神的国。保罗宣扬神的国,这乃是复活基督的繁殖。我们怎样得知?国度的宣扬是复活基督的繁殖,这个事实由三十一节『教导主耶稣基督的事』这句话得著证明。这指明神的国和主耶稣基督的事是并行的。将基督的事教导人,就是开展神的国。所以,神的国实际上就是复活基督的繁殖。
10Acts 28:30 says, “And he remained two whole years in his own rented dwelling, and welcomed all those coming in to him.” During this time the apostle wrote the Epistles to the Colossians (cf. Col. 4:3, 10, 18), Ephesians (cf. 3:1; 4:1; 6:20), Philippians (cf. Phil. 1:7, 14, 17), and Philemon (cf. Philem. 1, 9). In Philippians 1:25 and 2:24 and Philemon 22 Paul was expecting to be released from his imprisonment. Probably after two years he was released and visited Ephesus and Macedonia (1 Tim. 1:3), from where it is likely that he wrote the first Epistle to Timothy. Then he visited Crete (Titus 1:5), Nicopolis (Titus 3:12), from where he wrote the Epistle to Titus, Troas, and Miletus (2 Tim. 4:13, 20), from where he probably wrote the Epistle to the Hebrews. Acts 28:31 says that during the two years Paul was in his rented dwelling in Rome, he was “proclaiming the kingdom of God, and teaching the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness, unhindered.” The kingdom of God is one of the emphases of this book. Luke’s writing both begins (1:3) and ends with the kingdom of God. Paul’s proclaiming the kingdom of God was the propagation of the resurrected Christ. How do we know this? The fact that the proclaiming of the kingdom is the propagation of the resurrected Christ is proved by the words “teaching the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ” in verse 31. This indicates that the kingdom of God goes together with the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ. To teach people the things concerning Christ is to spread the kingdom of God. Therefore, the kingdom of God is actually the propagation of the resurrected Christ.