8由五章十二节开始,保罗不是暴露我们的所作,乃是暴露我们的所是。我们构成了罪人。(19。)在我们犯罪以前,我们已经构成罪人了。以苹果树为例。在牠结苹果以前,牠已经是苹果树了。牠若不是苹果树,就不能结苹果。同样,我们犯罪,因为我们是罪人。不要以为我们因著犯罪才成为罪人。不,我们犯罪,因为我们是罪人;正如苹果树结苹果,因为牠是苹果树。不要说,『我不是罪人,因我没有作恶事。我一直非常好。』虽然你也许很好,但你仍是罪人,因为你生来就是罪人。我们到世上来,是以罪人的身分来的。不要以为你在出生以后才成为罪人。不,早在你出生以前,你就在亚当里构成了罪人。这是保罗的观念。因此,在我们的行为上,我们是罪恶的;在我们的所是上,我们被构成罪人。不但如此,我们也亏缺了神的荣耀。(三23。)亏缺神荣耀的思想,对许多人而言,也许听起来很陌生。人的观念没有这个思想。我们告诉人,他们的行为是罪恶的,他们能领会,他们也能信服,知道自己构成了罪人。但我们若说,他们这些构成罪人、行作恶事的,乃是亏缺了神的荣耀,他们会说,『你是甚么意思?神的荣耀是甚么?』神的荣耀就是彰显出来的神自己。每当神得著彰显,荣耀就给人看见。我们乃是神照著祂的形像造的,使我们彰显祂的荣耀。但我们犯了罪。如今我们没有彰显神,反而彰显罪和我们罪恶的己。因此,我们亏缺了神的荣耀。在我们的所作上,我们是罪恶的;在我们的所是上,我们构成了罪人;并且我们亏缺了神的荣耀。这是我们的情形,我们的光景。神的义算给我们神如何能从这样的罪人作出儿子?祂惟有藉著三件事才能作成-藉著祂的公义、圣别和荣耀。在罗马书里保罗告诉我们,神已将祂的义披在我们身上,并且祂已将祂的义算为我们的。(四22~24。)这就是说,神已将祂的义赐给我们。因为我们披戴神的义,我们就能说,『我是义的,因为我在神的义里。我完全被祂的义遮盖了。』这是如何成就的?神的义如何能算为我们的?乃是藉著基督救赎的死。既然神的义已藉著基督的死算给我们,我们罪恶的行为就从账上涂抹,并且神的义遮盖我们全人。这是神的义藉著基督救赎的死赐给我们,作我们的遮盖。基督死在十字架上,使我们得著神的义。神已将祂的义披在我们身上,正如父亲将那上好的袍子披在回家的浪子身上一样。在路加十五章的那比喻里,父亲告诉他的仆人:『把那上好的袍子拿出来给他穿。』(22。)这袍子表征神的义,就是基督。赞美主,神的义披在我们身上了!神的义对付我们所作的一切。藉著基督救赎的死,这事已经完全成就了。
8Beginning in 5:12, Paul exposes not what we have done, but what we are. We are constituted sinners (5:19). Before we ever sinned, we had already been constituted as sinners. Take an apple tree as an example. Before it bears apples, it is an apple tree already. It bears apples because it is an apple tree. If it were not an apple tree, it would not be able to bear apples. Likewise, we commit sins because we are sinners. Do not think that we became sinners by committing sins. No, we commit sins because we are sinners, just as the apple tree bears apples because it is an apple tree. Do not say, “I am not a sinner, for I don’t do evil things. I am always very good.” Although you may be good, you are still a sinner, for you were born a sinner. You were constituted a sinner before you were even born. When we came into the world, we came as sinners. Do not think that you became a sinner after you were born. No, you were constituted a sinner in Adam long before you were born. This is Paul’s concept. Thus, in our behavior we are sinful, and in our being we are constituted sinners. Furthermore, we also are short of God’s glory (3:23). The thought of coming short of God’s glory may sound strange to many. No human concept takes account of this. People can understand us when we tell them that their deeds are sinful, and they can be convinced that they have been constituted sinners. But if we tell them that, as constituted sinners who do evil things, they are short of God’s glory, they will say, “What do you mean? What is God’s glory?” God’s glory is God Himself expressed. Whenever God is expressed, glory is seen. We were made by God in His image that we might express His glory. But we have sinned. Now instead of expressing God, we express sin and our sinful self. Hence, we are short of God’s glory. We are sinful in what we do, we are constituted sinners in what we are, and we are short of God’s glory. This is our situation, our condition. GOD’S RIGHTEOUSNESS RECKONED TO US How can God make sons out of such sinners? He can do it only by three things—by His righteousness, holiness, and glory. In Romans Paul tells us that God has put His righteousness upon us and that He has reckoned His righteousness to be ours (4:22-24). This means that God has given us His righteousness. Because we are clothed with God’s righteousness, we can say, “I am righteous because I am in God’s righteousness. I have been completely covered with His righteousness.” How is this accomplished? How can God’s righteousness be accounted as ours? It is through the redeeming death of Christ. Since God’s righteousness has been reckoned to us through the death of Christ, our sinful deeds have been erased from the account, and God’s righteousness covers our whole being. This is God’s righteousness given to us as our covering through the redeeming death of Christ. Christ died on the cross that we might obtain the righteousness of God. God has put His righteousness upon us just as the father put the best robe on the prodigal son who returned. In that parable in Luke 15 the father told his servants, “Bring forth the best robe, and put it on him” (v. 22). This robe signifies the righteousness of God, which is Christ. Praise the Lord that the righteousness of God has been put on us! God’s righteousness deals with all we have done. Through the redeeming death of Christ, this has been fully accomplished.