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罗马书生命读经 · 第4篇

宗教的虚空与全然无望

The vanity of religion and the totality of hopelessness
1在本篇信息中,我们要说到在宗教徒被定罪里所显示宗教的虚空,(二17~三8,)以及在普世的人被定罪里所显示的全然无望。(三9~20。)如我们所指出的,保罗论到定罪的四方面:一般的─对人类,专一的─对自义者,特别的─对宗教徒,总括的─对普世的人。这是非常有意义的。从神定罪的这些方面,我们能看见四件事:邪恶的根源、约束的路、宗教的虚空、以及全然无望。壹宗教徒被定罪─宗教的虚空
1In this message we will cover the vanity of religion shown in the condemnation on the religious (2:17— 3:8) and the totality of hopelessness shown in the condemnation of all the world (3:9-20). As we have pointed out, Paul deals with condemnation in four aspects: on mankind in general, on the self-righteous in particular, on the religious specifically, and on all the world totally. This is very meaningful. From these aspects of God’s condemnation we can see four things: the source of wickedness, the way of restriction, the vanity of religion, and the totality of hopelessness. I. THE CONDEMNATION ON THE RELIGIOUS
2首先,让我们来看宗教的虚空。人类的文化是人类最好的发明,在这文化里首要的一项是宗教。宗教是人类文化的顶点。人的文化需要宗教,因为没有宗教,文化便是粗野的。宗教若从人的文化中除去,文化就流于粗野。所以,大多数人都尊重宗教。在人类当中两个最好的宗教是犹太教和基督教。这两种是典型的宗教,是真正、健全、且基要的宗教;二者都出于同样的源头,就是圣经里神圣的启示。随著这两个宗教,有回教,是犹太教的倣冒品。犹太教是回教的源头。回教的圣书可兰经,实际上乃是模倣旧约圣经,但其内容曾被更改,以传播谎言。可兰经甚至说到基督,说祂比穆罕默德更大。照可兰经说,基督从未被钉十字架。当人企图将祂钉在十字架上时,有天使降临,将祂接到天上。可兰经甚至告诉我们,这位耶稣要回来。所以,回教及其圣书可兰经,显然是倣冒品。
2Let us first consider the vanity of religion. Human culture is the best human invention, and within this culture the foremost item is religion. Religion is the apex of man’s culture. Human culture needs religion, for without it culture is wild. If religion were eliminated from human culture, culture would remain crude. Therefore, most people respect religion. Among the human race the two best religions are Judaism and Christianity. These are the typical religions. They are genuine, sound, and fundamental religions. Both proceeded out of the same source, the divine revelation in the Bible. Along with these two religions, we have Islam, a counterfeit of Judaism. Judaism was the source of Islam. The Koran, the sacred book of the Moslems, is actually an imitation of the Old Testament, although its contents have been changed in order to propagate lies. The Koran even speaks about Christ, saying that He is greater than Mohammed. According to the Koran, Christ was never crucified. As the people attempted to nail Him to the cross, angels descended and took Him away into heaven. The Koran even tells us that this Jesus will return. It is evident, therefore, that Islam and its sacred book, the Koran. are counterfeits
3严格说来,除了犹太教、基督教、和回教这倣冒的宗教以外,没有其他的宗教。佛教不是宗教,乃是无稽之谈。宗教教导人敬拜神,但在佛教里根本没有神。你也许问儒教如何。孔子的教训不是宗教,而全然是伦常的教导,与神无关。在儒家的经典作品中,孔子可能只题到神一两次,称之为『天』。我们不该认为儒教是宗教。在这地上只有三个宗教─犹太教和基督教这两个真正的宗教,以及回教这倣冒的宗教。
3Strictly speaking, besides Judaism, Christianity, and the counterfeit religion of Islam, there are no other religions. Buddhism is not a religion; it is nonsense. A religion teaches people to worship God, but in Buddhism there is no God at all. You may ask about Confucianism. The teachings of Confucius are nonreligious; they are altogether ethical teachings, having nothing to do with God. In his classical writings, Confucius probably mentioned God only once or twice, calling Him “the Heavens.” We should not consider Confucianism as a religion. On this earth there are just three religions—the genuine religions of Judaism and Christianity and the counterfeit religion of Islam.
4甚至这两个真正的宗教仍然一无所有,只有虚空。我们不需要宗教,我们需要活的人位。我们不需要与神有关的事物,我们需要神自己。我们不需要敬拜神的方式,我们需要神这活的人位进到我们里面。神赐给我们圣经,祂无意赐给我们宗教。神的心意是要藉著圣言,将祂自己启示在我们里面,而不是要有宗教的形式。然而,古时的犹太人本于旧约而建立宗教。然后基督教又建立更强的宗教,因为牠比犹太人多二十七卷书。犹太人只有三十九卷书用以建立宗教,基督教却有六十六卷书;因此,基督教建立了更强的宗教。然而,宗教越强,内容就越虚空。我知道我这样说也许会得罪一些人。基督教这辞,许多基督徒听来很甜美、宝贵;人说基督教是虚空,就得罪他们。你若因此被得罪,就证明你极其热心宗教。我不是说基督是虚空,我也不是说基督徒是虚空,但我坚决断言基督教是虚空。任何『教』都是虚空,包括『召会教』。召会是宝贵的,但你若把召会加上『教』,召会就成为虚空。我们要基督、基督徒和召会,但我们不要任何『教』。这不是我的教训。我们若回到新约里纯正的话,就会找著基督一辞与基督徒一辞。(徒十一26。)然而,基督教或圣诞节这些辞不在圣经里。『教』和『节』已加到基督身上。圣诞节是虚空;人把灯挂在小树上,那是『教』和『节』,那是虚空。我们必须提防宗教:宗教乃是虚空。
4Even with the two genuine religions there is still nothing but vanity. We do not need religion. We need a living Person. We do not need something related to God; we need God Himself. We do not need a way to worship God; we need the living Person of God to come into us. When God gave us the Bible, He had no intention of giving us a religion. God’sin tent i on was to reveal Himself into us through the Holy Word, not to have a religious form. However, the ancient Jews formed a religion out of the Old Testament. Then Christianity made a stronger religion because it has 27 books more than the Jews. The Jews had only 39 books to use in establishing a religion; Christianity has 66. Thus, Christianity has formed an even stronger religion. Nevertheless, the stronger a religion is, the more vanity it contains. I realize that I may offend some people in speaking this way. The word Christianity is sweet and precious to the ears of many Christians, and it is offensive to them for a man to say that Christianity is vanity. If you are offended by this, it proves that you are exceedingly religious. I do not say that Christ is vanity and I do not say that Christians are vanity, but I assert strongly that Christianity is vanity. Any “anity” is vanity, including “churchanity.” The church is precious, but if you add “anity” to the church it becomes vanity. We want Christ, Christians, and the church, but we do not want any “anity.” This is not my teaching. If we return to the pure Word in the New Testament, we find the term Christ and the term Christians (Acts 11:26). However, the terms Christianity or Christmas are not in the Bible. A kind of “anity” or “mas” has been added to Christ. Christmas is vanity. When people hang lamps on a little tree, that is “anity” and “mas.” That is vanity. We must beware of religion: religion is vanity
一 有外面的名称
A. Having an Outward Name
5现在我们要来看关于宗教之虚空的几件事。第一,宗教有外面的名称。(罗二17。)最近,我去理发店理发。理发师谈到参加圣诞弥撒。我趁机问他多少人参加。他说,『你知道,这只是宗教义务。有些人一年一度在圣诞节的时候参加弥撒。』这里我们看见宗教虚空的例子:一年一度参加弥撒,尽宗教义务,以保持天主教徒的名义。这是怎样的信徒?乃是徒有外面名义的信徒。你若在灵里是实际的,就表示你是真信徒;那是美妙的。然而,你若缺少实际,只保持外面的名称,就算不得甚么;那是虚空。
5Now we need to consider a few matters about the vanity of religion. First, religion has an outward name (2:17). Recently, I went to the barbershop for a haircut. The barber talked about attending Christmas Mass. I used the opportunity to ask him how many people would be there. He said, “You know, this is just a religious duty. Some people attend Mass only once a year at Christmas time.” Here we see an example of the vanity of religion: attending Mass once a year as a religious duty in order to keep the name of being a Catholic. What kind of believer is this? A believer with a mere outward name. If you are real in the spirit, meaning you are a genuine believer, that is wonderful. However, if you lack the reality and simply keep the outward name, it means nothing. It is vanity.
二 在外面的知识上认识神
B. Knowing God in Outward Knowledge
6宗教虚空的第二方面是在外面的知识上认识神。(二17~18。)仅仅在外面的知识上,在外面的字句上认识神,乃是虚空的。我们需要对神有里面的认识,在我们灵里的认识,扩展到我们全人里的认识。我们需要对神有这样一种里面、主观的认识。
6The second aspect of the vanity of religion is knowing God in outward knowledge (2:17-18). It is vain to know God merely in external knowledge, in outward letters. We need the inward knowledge of God, the knowledge in our spirit, the knowledge that spreads into our whole being. We need such an inward and subjective knowledge of God
三 外面有圣经
C. Having the Scriptures Outwardly
7宗教虚空的第三项是外面有圣经。(三2。)犹太人和基督徒都有圣经,但圣经对他们许多人成了迷信的书。他们迷信的持守圣经。有些基督徒曾告诉我,他们身边若没有圣经,晚上睡觉就会害怕。他们若不把圣经放在枕头边或桌子上,晚上睡觉就没有平安,他们以为圣经会使鬼离开他们;这是迷信。有的基督徒以古怪的方式用圣经寻求引导。他们打开圣经,手指指著某处,就随从所指经文里所给的引导。我曾听说一个迷信的人,他打开圣经,随手一指,指著的那一节乃是说,犹大出去吊死了。(太二七5。)我不知道他怎么办。这样应用圣经很可怕,完全是迷信。这些虚妄的实行都必须拆毁。当然,大多数正统的犹太人和真基督徒不是这样迷信的应用圣经,但他们没有又真又活的接受圣经。他们在意字句的教导,却不在意基督这活的人位。在约翰五章三十九至四十节,主耶稣告诉犹太宗教徒,他们为著知识查考圣经,却不肯到祂这里来得生命。今天许多基督徒也是这样。因此,圣经在生命和实际上,对他们没有多少意义。
7The third item of the vanity of religion is having the Scriptures outwardly (3:2). Both Jews and Christians have the Bible, but the Bible, for many of them, has become a superstitious book. They hold the Bible in a superstitious way. Some Christians have told me that they are afraid to sleep at night without having a Bible nearby. If they do not place the Bible beside their pillow or on their table, they have no peace to sleep at night, thinking the Holy Bible will keep the demons away from them. This is superstition. Other Christians use the Bible to find guidance in an extraordinary way. They open the Bible, point their finger to a certain place, and follow the leading given in whatever verse they locate. I once heard of a superstitious person who opened the Bible and placed his finger on the verse which said that Judas went out to hang himself (Matt. 27:5). I wonder what he did. It is terrible and absolutely superstitious to handle the Scriptures in this way. All of these vain practices must be torn down. Of course, most orthodox Jews and genuine Christians do not handle the Bible in such a superstitious way, but they do not take the Scriptures in a real and living way. They care for the teachings in letters; they do not care for Christ, the living Person. In John 5:39-40 the Lord Jesus told the Jewish religionists that they search the Scriptures for knowledge, yet will not come to Him for life. Today many Christians are in the same category. Thus, the Bible does not mean much to them in life and reality.
四 持守外面的字句形式
D. Keeping the Outward Form in Letter
8有些热心宗教的人持守外面的字句形式。(罗二27~28。)以受浸为例,许多亲爱的基督徒固守他们关于水浸的观念。我自己照著圣经非常赞成水浸,我绝不会用洒水给人施浸。然而,受浸这件事几乎完全成了仅仅外面的形式。我们必须避免一切外面的形式。保罗告诉犹太人,他们的割礼若仅仅是外面的,就不是真的。真割礼是里面的,在心里,也在灵里。我们可将同样的话应用到受浸,因为就一面说,受浸顶替了割礼。在旧约里有割礼,在新约里割礼由受浸顶替了。只要割礼仅被当作外面的形式实行,就不是真的,照样,受浸若只是外面的,也绝不会是真的。原谅我说,几乎所有的受浸都已堕落到外面的形式里。我能从自己的经历说明这事。首先,有一位牧师用几滴水给我行了点水礼,后来我领悟这是错的,是不合圣经的。然后,由一位弟兄会教师在海里给我施浸。此后,有人告诉我,在海水而不在淡水里受浸是错的。照他们说,人应当跟从耶稣的榜样,在河里受浸。接著,可能另一位牧师会争辩那仍是错的,因为不是在约但河里。至终我领悟,即使人在约但河里受了浸,别人也会告诉他们那是错的,因为他们没有在耶稣本人受浸所在的地点受浸。争辩是无止境的,批评也是不公平、不合理的。关于受浸这事,人们争辩、争论了许多世纪,因为他们固守外面的形式。有些人,像贵格会和宾路易师母(Mrs.PennLewis),拒绝用外面、物质的浸。虽然我不赞同这点,但我警戒你不要注重照你看为正确的形式。你不是主,我也不是。无论你在热水或冷水里,海水或淡水里,河里或海里,一次或数次受浸,仅仅外面的形式算不得甚么。我们需要里面的实际。我不鼓励你把任何事情当作形式实行。我们不该执著于任何形式,却该专注于实际。
8Some religious people keep the outward form in letter (2:27-28). Take the example of baptism. Many dear Christians cling to their concepts about baptism by immersion in water. I myself am strongly in favor of baptism by immersion according to the Scriptures and I would never baptize people by sprinkling them. However, this matter of baptism has almost entirely become a mere outward form. We must avoid all outward forms. Paul told the Jews that if their circumcision is merely outward, it is unreal. The genuine circumcision is inward, in the heart and in the spirit. We may apply the same word to baptism, for, in a sense, baptism replaces circumcision. In the Old Testament was circumcision, and in the New Testament circumcision has been replaced by baptism. Since circumcision is unreal as long as it is practiced as a bare outward form, so baptism can never be real if it is simply outward. I am sorry to say that nearly all baptisms have degraded into an outward form. I can illustrate from my own experience. First, I was sprinkled with a few drops of water by a pastor. Later I realized that this was wrong, that it was unscriptural. Then I was immersed in these a by a Brethren teacher. After this, someone told me that it is wrong to be baptized in salt water instead of fresh water. According to them, people should follow the example of Jesus and be immersed in a river. Then, perhaps, a pastor will argue that it is still wrong because it is not in the river Jordan. Eventually I realized that even if people had been baptized in the river Jordan, someone else would tell them that it was still wrong because they had not been immersed in the precise spot where Jesus Himself had been baptized. The arguments are endless, and the criticisms are unfair and unreasonable. People have argued and disputed about baptism for centuries because they cling to an outward form. Some, like the Quakers and Mrs. Penn-Lewis, have repudiated the outward, physical baptism. Although I do not agree with this, I caution you not to pay attention to a form which is correct according to your sight. You are not the Lord, neither am I. Whether you are baptized in hot water or cold water, salt water or plain water, in the river or in the ocean, one time or several times, the mere outward form means nothing. We need the inward reality. I do not encourage you to practice anything as a form. We should not be attached to any form, but pay our full attention to the reality.
五 缺少灵中内里的实际
E. Lacking Inward Reality in Spirit
9宗教是虚空,因为缺少灵中内里的实际。(二29。)罗马二章二十九节说,我们的所是,我们的所作,以及我们的所有,都必须在灵里。你若是犹太人,并且受割礼,你的割礼必须在灵里。你若是基督徒,并且受浸,你的受浸必须在灵里。一切都必须在灵里。当然,这里的灵是人的灵。为甚么一切都必须在我们的灵里作?因为我们的灵是我们里面神所能居住的地方。灵是神能为我们行动的地方、立场。你若是在你灵里的基督徒,这就是说,你是有神的基督徒。你若在你的灵里行动,这就是说,你与神一同行动。没有神,一切都是虚空的;有了祂,一切就都是实际。所以,我们必须回到我们的灵里。我们若爱别人,必须在我们的灵里爱他们;不然,我们的爱就不是真的,而是耍手腕的爱。然而,我们若在我们的灵里爱,我们的爱就有神。你们作丈夫的告诉你们的妻子,你们爱她们;你们需要用你们的灵这样说。你们的爱若不是在灵里,就是欺骗、耍手腕的爱。许多作妻子的被丈夫耍手腕的爱欺骗了。我若对你说话,我必须在我的灵里说,这话才是有神的话;不然,那就是外交辞令。我们的灵是神能藉以摸著我们,我们也能藉以摸著神的器官。我们所是的一切,我们所作的一切,都必须在我们的灵里。这不是宗教,这乃是实际。
9Religion is vanity because it lacks inward reality in spirit (2:29). Romans 2:29 says that whatever we are, whatever we do, and whatever we have must all be in spirit. If you are a Jew and are circumcised, your circumcision must be in spirit. If you are a Christian and are baptized, your baptism must be in spirit. Everything must be in spirit. The spirit here, of course, is the human spirit. Why must everything be done in our spirit? Because our spirit is the very place within us where God can dwell. The spirit is the site, the ground where God can act on our behalf. If you are a Christian in your spirit, this means you are a Christian with God. If you act in your spirit, this means you act with God. Without God, everything is vain; with Him, everything is reality. Therefore, we must return to our spirit. If we love other people, we must love them in our spirit. Otherwise, our love is not genuine. It is a political love. However, if we love in our spirit, our love is with God. When you husbands tell your wives that you love them, you need to say this with your spirit. If your love is not in the spirit, it is a fraud, a political love. Many wives have been cheated by their husband’s political love. If I say a word to you, I must say it in my spirit. Then that word will be a word with God. Otherwise, it will be political talk. Our spirit is the organ through which God can touch us and through which we can touch God. Everything we are and everything we do must be in our spirit. This is not religion; this is reality
六 行恶像非宗教徒一样
F. Doing Evils as the Unreligious
10至终,热心宗教的人与非宗教徒行同样的恶。(二21~22。)似乎热心宗教的人与非宗教徒之间没有不同;所有的人都一样。虽然犹太人热心宗教,他们的行为却比外邦人更坏。
10Eventually, the religious people practice the same evils as the unreligious (2:21-22). It seems that there is no difference between the unreligious people and the religious people. All are the same. Although the Jews were religious, they behaved even worse than the Gentiles
11在关于宗教徒被定罪的这一段,我们看见宗教算不得甚么,宗教乃是虚空。所以,我们必须离开宗教,与牠无分无关;我们需要三一神活的人位。
11In this portion on the condemnation of the religious, we see that religion means nothing, that it is vanity. Therefore, we must stay away from religion and have nothing to do with it. We need the living Person of the Triune God
贰 普世的人被定罪─全然无望
II. THE CONDEMNATION ON ALL THE WORLD the totality of hopelessness
12现在我们来到普世的人被定罪,这定罪揭示出全然无望的光景。(三~20。)世人的情形是无望的,不要想去医治、改正或改良。放弃你的盼望,世人的光景是无可救药的。在罗马书这一段,保罗描绘人是全然邪恶的,并题出好几项证明,说出世人的光景是无望的。没有一个人寻求神,没有一个人明白神。(三。)都是偏离神,一同变为无用。(12。)没有义人,(10,)没有行善的。(12。)换句话说,没有一个义人,也没有一个善人。你知道义人与善人之间的不同么?我若为你工作一个月,月薪五百元,而你拒付,你就是不义的。然而,你若照付,你就是义人。我若根本没有为你工作,而我需要时,你给我五百元为礼物,那是恩典的行动。你若这样作,你就是善人。然而,保罗说,在普世的人中,没有一个人是义的,也没有一个人是善的。你信这话么?我信。我们不该以为自己是例外。没有一个人是义的,没有一个人是善的。所以,每个人都伏在神的审判之下。(三19。)世人的光景是全然无望的。我们得救以前在那里?我们都在神公义的审判之下。我们每个人都是错的,我们没有一个人寻求神或明白神。我们每个人都是偏离正路,一同变为无用。我们没有一个人是义的或善的,我们都在神公义的审判之下。藉此我们能看见世人无望的光景。
12Now we come to the condemnation on all the world, a condemnation that unfolds the totality of hopelessness (3:9-20). The world situation is hopeless. Do not try 9 to cure it, correct it, or improve it. Give up your hope. The world condition is incurable. In this section of Romans, Paul portrays man as totally evil and gives several proofs that the condition of the world is hopeless. Not one person seeks God and no one understands God (3:11). All have turned away from God and have become useless (3:12). No one is 11 righteous (3:10) and no one practices good (3:12). In other words, there is not one righteous man and not one good man. Do you know the difference between a righteous man and a good man? If I work for you for one month at a salary of five hundred dollars per month and you refuse to pay me, you are unrighteous. However, if you pay me, you are a righteous man. If I did not work for you at all and you gave me five hundred dollars as a gift when I needed it, that would be an act of grace. If you did this, you would be a good man. However, Paul says that among all the human beings in the world not one is righteous and not one is good. Do you believe this? I do. We should not think of ourselves as exceptions. No one is righteous; no one is good. Therefore, everyone has become subject to the judgment of God (3:19). The condition of the world is totally hopeless. Where were we before we were saved? We were all under the righteous judgment of God. Everyone of us was wrong. Not one of us sought God or understood God. Everyone of us had turned aside and had become useless. Not one of us was righteous or good. We were all under the righteous judgment of God. By this we can see the hopeless condition of the world.
13我欣赏保罗的写法。在关于定罪的这一段,我们看见邪恶的根源、约束的路、宗教的虚空、和世人无望的光景。这里保罗关于定罪这一段的结语乃是:普世的人都伏在神公义的审判之下。我们若未得救,我们会在那里?我们会是甚么?我们会是在神审判之下无望的人。不论我们所作、所有和所是的是甚么,我们都在神公义的审判之下。我们都领悟,我们需要神的救恩。关于定罪的这一段,为神的救恩铺路,并为人进入神的救恩开门。无论我们是谁,我们都需要基督;我们需要基督同祂的救赎。
13I appreciate Paul’s writings. In the section on condemnation we see the source of wickedness, the way of restriction, the vanity of religion, and the hopeless condition of the world. Here is the conclusion of Paul’s writings on condemnation: the whole world is subject to the righteous judgment of God. Where would we be and what would we be if we were not yet saved? We would be a hopeless case under God’s judgment. Regardless of what we did, what we had, and what we were, we were under God’s righteous judgment. We all realized our need for God’ss alvation. This section on condemnation paves the way for God’ss alvation and opens up the door for people to enter into God’s salvation. Regardless of who we are, we need Christ. We need Christ with His redemption.
14保罗在关于定罪这一段的用意,乃是要豫备道路,好把基督供应到我们里面。保罗福音的终极目标,乃是要将基督供应到我们里面。我们来到罗马八章,就会找著一节说,『基督…在你们里面。』(10。)这是保罗的目标。无论我们是人类中的一员、一个自义者、一个宗教徒、或一个世人,我们都需要耶稣。我们的需要是在我们的灵里。我们不该留意外面的事物或外面的作为,却该将自己转向灵。在灵里我们会遇见基督,在灵里我们会享受基督。保罗关于定罪的这一段话,乃是为我们接受基督铺路,并为基督进到我们里面开路。
14Paul’sin tent i on in the section on condemnation was to prepare the way for him to minister Christ into us. The ultimate goal of Paul’s gospel is to minister Christ into us. When we come to Romans 8, we will find a verse that says, “Christ is in you” (8:10). This is Paul’s goal. Whether we are one of mankind, one of the self-righteous, one of the religious people, or a person in the world, we need Jesus. Our need is in our spirit. We should not pay attention to outward things or outward doings, but turn ourselves to the spirit. There in the spirit we will meet Christ. In the spirit we will enjoy Christ. Paul’s writing on condemnation paves the way for us to receive Christ. It opens the way for Christ to come into us