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哥林多后书生命读经 · 第7篇

新约的职事(三)

The Ministry of the New Covenant (3)
1读经:哥林多后书三章七至十一节。保罗在林后二章十二至十七节说到使徒职事的得胜与功效;在三章一至六节说到其功用与资格;而在三章七至十一节说到其荣光与卓越。我们将要来看,七至十一节表明摩西的职事,律法的职事,就是定罪和属死的职事,其荣光是低下的;而使徒的职事,恩典的职事,就是义和那灵的职事,其荣光是卓越的。前者是暂时经过荣光;后者是永远长存在荣光里。
1Scripture Reading: 2 Cor. 3:7-11 In 2:12-17 Paul speaks of the triumph and effect of the apostolic ministry; in 3:1-6, of its function and competency; and in 3:7-11, of its glory and superiority. As we shall see, verses 7 through 11 show the inferiority of the glory of the Mosaic ministry, the ministry of law, a ministry of condemnation and death, and the superiority of the apostolic ministry, the ministry of grace, a ministry of righteousness and the Spirit. The former was through glory temporarily; the latter remains in glory forever
2保罗说过新约职事的得胜与功效以后,继续论到这职事的功用与资格。其功用是要写基督的活信,而其资格乃是神自己。写这些活信的,实际上不是保罗,乃是那构成到保罗里面的神。因此,神不仅是书写者,也是书写的『墨』,也就是书写的本质或元素。这意思是说,神正在把祂自己书写到祂所拣选的人里面。这样书写的结果,乃是三一神构成到祂的子民里面。因此,书写者是神,书写的本质是神,结局、结果也是神。我们可用原子笔写字,来说明神如何把祂自己写到我们里面。首先笔装满了墨,然后用笔在纸上写字。实际上不是笔在写,乃是那装满在笔里面的墨这个本质在写。写在纸上的,没有属于笔的东西。写在纸上的,乃是墨的本质。最终,写在纸上的就是墨的组合、墨的构成。同样的原则,经过种种过程的三一神这位包罗万有的赐生命之灵,乃是书写者,也是书写的本质。在写基督之活信的时候,那写到我们里面的本质,乃是那灵。在本篇信息中,我们来到新约职事的荣光。书写的本质是里面的,而荣光是外面的。书写的元素是隐藏的,而荣光是显出的。事实上,荣光乃是隐藏的本质照耀了出来。我们可以再用电作例证。电的元素流进灯泡里。这个元素就是光的本质,从灯泡里面照耀出来。但光的照耀乃是电的荣耀。因此,电有素质,就是元素,也有照耀,就是荣耀。
2After speaking of the triumph and effect of the ministry of the new covenant, Paul goes on to speak of the function and competency of that ministry. The function is to inscribe living letters of Christ, and the competency, the qualification, is God Himself. The writer of these living letters is actually not Paul; the writer is the very God who has been constituted into Paul’s being. Therefore, God is not only the writer; He is also the “ink,” the substance or element, of what is written. This means that God is writing Himself into His chosen people. The result of this writing is a constitution of the Triune God into His people. Thus, the writer is God, the writing substance is God, and the issue, the result, is also God. We may take writing with a ballpoint pen as an illustration of how God writes Himself into us. First a pen is filled with ink. Then it is used for writing certain words on paper. It is not the pen that actually does the writing; it is the ink, the substance which fills the pen, that does this. Nothing of the pen is put on paper. Rather, it is the substance of the ink that is inscribed on the paper. Eventually, the writing on the paper is a composition, a constitution, of the ink. In the same principle, the processed Triune God as the all-inclusive life - giving Spirit is both the writer and the writing substance. In the writing of living letters of Christ, the Spirit is the substance that is inscribed into us. In this message we come to the glory of the new covenant ministry. The writing substance is inward, but the glory is outward. The writing element is hidden, but the glory is expressed. Actually, the glory is the shining out of the hidden substance. Once again, we may use electricity as an illustration. The element of electricity flows into a light bulb. This element is the substance of the light that shines from within the bulb. But the shining of the light is the glory of the electricity. Hence, with electricity there is both the essence, the element, and the shining out, the glory.
3保罗写新约的职事有很好的顺序。首先他给我们看见,新约的职事是得胜且有功效的。这职事是得胜的,因为基督已经凯旋得胜了,也因为使徒已经被俘掳,服从了基督。早期的使徒都已被基督所征服、所制伏、所掳获,并且极其服从祂。他们的传讲就是服从的表记。想想大数扫罗的例子。他原初是何等悖逆,敌挡主耶稣,敌挡众召会,敌挡神的行政,敌挡神新约的经纶!即使是这样悖逆,他还是被征服、制伏、掳获了。然后他就服从基督,以致对神的经纶毫无问题。他无论往那里去,都传讲神新约的经纶。这种传讲很强的指明,他服从了神的管理和行政。因此,保罗成了服从基督的俘虏。他的服从乃是基督得胜的彰显。每一个在基督凯旋行列中的俘虏,都是基督得胜的明证。这个行列庆祝基督的得胜。使徒在这行列中前进的时候,他们能说,『犹太人和外邦人哪,看看我们,就知道基督是何等得胜。』这就是保罗在二章十四节的观念。他经过以弗所、特罗亚、马其顿的时候,乃是在基督凯旋的行列中。今天神也带领我们在基督凯旋的行列中,庆祝基督的得胜。我们都是这个行列中的俘虏。基督已经征服了我们,制伏了我们,并使我们服从祂。赞美祂!新约的职事不仅是得胜的,也是有功效的。这职事极有功效,以致在这等人就是出于生命叫人活,在那等人是出于死叫人死。因此,这个职事是生死攸关的事。
3Paul’s writing concerning the ministry of the new covenant is in a good sequence. First he shows that the new covenant ministry is triumphant and effective. This ministry is triumphant because Christ has triumphed and gained the victory. It is triumphant also because the apostles have been captured and have become submissive to Christ. All the early apostles were conquered, subdued, and captured by Christ and became very submissive to Him. Their preaching was a sign of their submission. Consider the example of Saul of Tarsus. How rebellious he was against the Lord Jesus, against the churches, against God’sad ministration, and against God’s New Testament economy! But even though he had been so rebellious, he was conquered, subdued, and captured. Then he became so submissive to Christ that he had no problems with God’secon o my. On the contrary, wherever he went, he preached the New Testament economy of God. This preaching was a strong indication that he had become submissive to God’s government and administration. Paul, therefore, became a submissive captive of Christ. His submission was an expression of Christ’s victory. Every captive in Christ’s triumphal procession is a proof of Christ’s victory. This procession celebrates the victory of Christ. As the apostles were marching in this procession, they could say, “Jews and Gentiles, look at us and realize how triumphant Christ is.” This was Paul’s concept in 2:14. As he passed through Ephesus, Troas, and Macedonia, he was in Christ’s triumphal procession. Today, God is also leading us in a triumphal procession to celebrate Christ’s victory. We all are captives in this procession. Christ has conquered us, subdued us, and made us submissive to Him. Praise Him! The ministry of the new covenant is not only triumphant—it is also effective. It is so effective that to some it results in life unto life, and to others, in death unto death. Therefore, this ministry is a matter of life and death
4我们已经强调过,新约职事的功用是书写,甚至是铭刻基督的活信,而这职事的资格,乃是经过过程的三一神这位赐生命的灵。这职事的荣光,就是牠的照耀,牠的彰显。
4As we have emphasized, the function of the ministry of the new covenant is to write, even to inscribe, living letters of Christ. And the competence of this ministry is the processed Triune God as the life-giving Spirit. The glory of this ministry is its shining, its expression
参 荣光与卓越
III. ITS GLORY AND SUPERIORITY
一 荣光
A. Its Glory
51旧约职事的荣光保罗在三章七节说,『若那用字刻在石头上属死的职事,尚且是带著荣光立的,以致以色列子孙因摩西面上渐渐废去的荣光,不能定睛看他的脸。』属死的职事就是旧约的职事,这约属于杀死人的死的字句。七节里的荣光是暂时照耀的,且只照在摩西的面上。(出三四29,35。)林后三章七节开头按原文可加上『再者』或『此外』,这符合保罗的思想。保罗说到职事的得胜与功效,功用与资格之后,又继续说到职事的荣光与卓越。新约的职事有荣光,并且这荣光远超过旧约职事的荣光。
51. The Glory of the Ministry of the Old Covenant In 3:7 Paul says, “Now if the ministry of death, in letters engraved in stone, came in glory, so that the sons of Israel were not able to gaze at the face of Moses because of the glory of his face, which was being done away.” The ministry of death is the ministry of the old covenant, a covenant of the dead letter that kills. The glory in verse 7 is the glory that shone temporarily on Moses’ face (Exo. 34:29, 35). Verse 7 begins with the word “now.” It may be better to translate the Greek word as “furthermore” or “in addition to.” This would be more in line with Paul’s thought. After talking about the triumph and effect of the ministry and also about the function and competency of the ministry, he in addition goes on to speak of the glory and superiority of the ministry. The ministry of the new covenant has glory, and this glory is much better than that of the old covenant ministry.
2 新约职事的荣光
2. The Glory of the Ministry of the New Covenant
6八节说,『何况那灵的职事,岂不更带著荣光?』这职事就是使徒新约的职事,这约属于赐生命的活灵。这里的荣光是指显在基督面上神的荣光,这荣光就是神自己,永远照在使徒心里,(四6,)远超过摩西旧约职事的荣光。(三10。)保罗用字非常谨慎。他在七节说,旧约的职事是带著荣光立的,按原文直译也可作,是在荣光里来的;但在八节他却指明,那灵的职事是在荣光里。(直译。)他在七节说『在荣光里来』,八节说『是在荣光里』,为甚么从『来』变成『是』?如果我们来写这卷书信,我们也许会说,定罪的职事和那灵的职事都是在荣光里来的。但在『来』与『是』之间有所不同:来是暂时的,多少也有点肤浅;然而,是却是永久的,并且相当深。旧约的荣光从前来过,但新约的荣光现在是,且一直是。旧约的荣光来过片时就消失了;然而,新约的荣光现在在这里,并且一直存留。保罗写这卷书信的时候,他知道旧约职事的荣光是暂时的,新约职事的荣光却要永远长存。不仅如此,保罗在九节说,『那称义的职事,就越发充盈著荣光了。』使徒新约的职事不但有荣光,更充盈著神的荣光,远超过摩西旧约职事的荣光。(10。)
6Verse 8 says, “How shall not rather the ministry of the Spirit be in glory?” This ministry is the apostolic ministry of the new covenant, a covenant of the living Spirit, who gives life. The glory here is the glory of God manifested in the face of Christ, which is God Himself shining forever in the hearts of the apostles (4:6), surpassing the glory of the Mosaic ministry of the old covenant (v. 10). Paul is very careful in his use of words. In verse 7 he says that the ministry of the old covenant came in glory, but in verse 8 he indicates that the ministry of the Spirit is in glory. In verse 7 he says “came”; in verse 8 he says “be” in glory. Why does he change from came to be? If we had been writing this Epistle, we probably would have said that both the ministry of condemnation and the ministry of the Spirit came in glory. But there is a difference between came and be. To come is temporary and also may be somewhat superficial. However, to be is permanent and rather deep. The old glory came, but the new glory is and will continue to be. The old glory came for awhile and then disappeared. The new glory, however, is here and will remain. As Paul was writing this Epistle, he knew that the glory of the old covenant ministry was temporary, but that the glory of the new covenant ministry would remain forever. Furthermore, in verse 9 Paul says that the “ministry of righteousness abounds in glory.” The apostolic ministry of the new covenant not only has glory, but also abounds in the glory of God. This glory surpasses the glory of the Mosaic ministry of the old covenant (v. 10).
7保罗在七至八节,把属死的职事和那灵的职事作了强烈的对比。我们通常并不认为那灵是与死相对的;反之,我们总是以为生命是与死相对的。因此,我们没有料到保罗会说那灵的职事,而以为他会说生命的职事。然而,保罗在这里是说那灵的职事,而不用生命的职事这个辞。是的,新约的职事乃是生命的职事。保罗在这里说那灵的职事,而不说生命的职事,其原因乃是那灵就是生命的源头、元素和范围。没有那灵,就没有生命的源头,也没有生命的元素和范围。因此,在这里说生命的职事远不如说那灵的职事。保罗选择了最好的说法,不是拿死与生命作比较,而是拿死与那灵作比较。保罗在九节继续说,『若定罪的职事有荣光,那称义的职事,就越发充盈著荣光了。』旧约的职事成了属死的职事,因为旧约带进定罪,叫人死。(罗五13,18,20~21。)死又导致定罪。因此,旧约的职事也是定罪的职事。新约的职事乃是赐人生命之灵的职事,(林后三8,6,)因为新约带进神的义,叫人得生命。(罗五17,21,)并且这生命又带进义。因此,新约的职事也是义的职事,就是称义的职事。
7In verses 7 and 8 Paul gives us a strong comparison between the ministry of death and the ministry of the Spirit. We do not ordinarily regard the Spirit as the opposite of death. Instead, we always think of life as the opposite of death. Thus, we would expect Paul to speak not of the ministry of the Spirit, but of the ministry of life. However, Paul does not use the term ministry of life. Rather, he speaks of the ministry of the Spirit. Yes, the ministry of the New Testament is a ministry of life. The reason Paul speaks of the ministry of the Spirit here and not of the ministry of life is that the Spirit is the source, the element, and the sphere of life. Without the Spirit, there is no source of life. Neither is there the element or sphere of life. Therefore, to speak here of the ministry of life would be to say much less than to speak of the ministry of the Spirit. Paul chose the best expression and instead of comparing death with life, he compared death with the Spirit. In verse 9 Paul goes on to say, “For if the ministry of condemnation has glory, much rather the ministry of righteousness abounds in glory.” The ministry of the old covenant became one of death because the old covenant brought in condemnation unto death (Rom. 5:13, 18, 20-21) and death unto condemnation. Hence, it was also the ministry of condemnation. The ministry of the new covenant is one of the Spirit that gives life (vv. 8, 6) because the new covenant brings in God’s righteousness unto life (Rom. 5:17, 21) and life that brings forth righteousness. Hence, it is also the ministry of righteousness
8在林后三章九节里,我们看见定罪的职事有荣光,而义的职事充盈著荣光。『充盈』比『有』这个字强多了。这一节里的『有』字,原文没有,是译者加进去的。也许本节用七节里说到旧约的荣光时所用过的『来』字更好。我们很难说旧约有荣光,但我们知道旧约是在荣光里来的。在荣光里来与有荣光不同。譬如,一个人也许没有钱,但他可能为了替别人效劳而带钱到你这里来。有钱是一回事,带著钱而来又是另一回事。照样,旧约的职事在荣光里来与有荣光也不相同。但新约的职事乃是越发充盈著荣光。牠是在荣光里,并且是充盈著荣光。这意思是说,荣光一直在扩展、加增。
8In this verse we see that the ministry of condemnation has glory, whereas the ministry of righteousness abounds in glory. Abounds is a much stronger word than has. Notice that the word “has” in verse 9 is in italics. This means that it was supplied by the translators. Perhaps in this verse it may be better to use the word came, already used of the glory of the old covenant in verse 7. It is rather difficult to say that the old covenant had glory, but we know that it came in glory. To come in glory is different from having glory. For example, a person may not have any money, but he may come to you with money in order to perform a service for someone else. To have money is one thing, and to come with money is another. Likewise, for the old covenant ministry to come in glory is different from this ministry having glory. But the New Testament ministry abounds in glory. It is in glory, and it abounds in glory. This means that the glory is spreading and increasing.
二 卓越
B. Its Superiority
9保罗在十节继续说,『那从前得荣光的,在这一点上,因这超越的荣光,就算不得有荣光。』旧约的职事乃是暂时在摩西面上照耀的荣光;就这一事实来说,律法的职事算不得有荣光。在这一点上,因那超越的荣光,律法职事的荣光是渐渐废去的。因著新约职事的荣光,(这荣光是神的荣耀,就是神自己,永远显在基督的面上,超过照在摩西面上旧约职事暂时的荣光,)律法职事暂时的荣光就消逝,不再存在了。
9In verse 10 Paul continues, “For that which has also been glorified has not been glorified in this respect, on account of the surpassing glory.” The ministry of the old covenant was glorified temporarily in the shining of Moses’ face, but it was not glorified in the fact that the glory of the ministry of the law was a temporary glory shining on Moses’ face. In this respect, it was being done away, on account of the surpassing glory. Because of the glory of the new covenant ministry (which is the glory of God, even God Himself, manifested in the face of Christ forever, surpassing the temporary glory of the old covenant ministry shining on Moses’ face), the temporary glory of the ministry of law disappears and no longer exists
10要了解旧约职事的荣光与新约职事的荣光的对比,我们可以拿灯光和太阳作比较。会所里的灯光好像相当明亮,但如果室内充满阳光的话,灯光就算不得是光了。同样的原则,我们把新约职事的荣光与旧约职事的荣光作个比较,旧约职事的荣光就算不得是荣光了。保罗在十节非常谨慎的用了『得荣光』一辞。旧约的职事得了荣光,因为牠的确照在摩西的面上。因此,由这一面说,牠得了荣光。摩西下山的时候,他的面皮发光,以色列人也看见那个照耀。毫无疑问,那就是把律法带给神子民之职事所得的荣光。然而,得荣光是一回事,荣光本身又是一回事。有些东西也许能得著荣光,但仍然可能没有甚么荣光。旧约的职事是暂时得著荣光,但因著那超越的荣光,就从来没有甚么荣光。旧约的职事虽然得著荣光,但新约的职事有荣光的本身,甚至有超越的荣光。把旧约职事的得著荣光与新约职事超越的荣光一比较,那得著的荣光就算不得甚么了。
10To understand the contrast between the glory of the old covenant ministry and the glory of the new covenant ministry, we may compare artificial light with sunlight. The lights in the meeting hall may seem rather bright. But if it were possible for the room to be filled with sunlight, the artificial light would seem to be no light at all. In the same principle, when we compare the glory of the New Testament ministry with that of the Old Testament ministry, the glory of the old seems to be no glory at all. In verse 10 Paul uses the word glorified in a very careful way. The old covenant ministry was glorified because it did shine upon the face of Moses. Therefore, in this sense it was glorified. When Moses came down from the mountain, his face shone, and the children of Israel could gaze upon that shining. No doubt, that was the glorification of the ministry which brought the law to God’sp eople. However, glorification is one thing, and the glory itself is another thing. Something may be glorified, but it still may not have any glory. The old covenant ministry was glorified temporarily, but it never had any glory, on account of the surpassing glory. With the old covenant ministry there was glorification, but with the new covenant ministry there is the glory itself, even the surpassing glory. When the glorification of the Old Testament ministry is compared to the surpassing glory of the New Testament ministry, that glorification becomes nothing
11十一节说,『因为那渐渐废去的,如果是经过荣光的,这长存的就更多在荣光里了。』『渐渐废去,』指在废除的过程中,这是藉著新约职事的开展。保罗在十一节不是说那渐渐废去的有荣光,或在荣光里。我们已经指出,保罗在七节说,牠是在荣光里来的;这里说,牠是经过荣光。但新约的职事是在荣光里。前者是暂时经过荣光,后者是永远留在荣光里。不仅如此,旧约职事的荣光乃是照在一个人的脸上。然而,新约职事的荣光乃是照在千万信徒的里面。旧约的荣光仅仅临到摩西,暂时停留在他的脸面上。但新约的荣光一旦来到就永远留下,绝不离去。虽然牠在照耀,也不是照耀在信徒的表面,就是我们的面皮上;这新约的荣光乃是从我们里面照耀出来。这荣光不是临到我们,而是来充满我们、渗透我们、饱和我们、浸润我们、并浸透我们。牠先来浸透我们,然后再从我们里面照耀出来。旧约的荣光单独照耀在摩西的面上,而新约的荣光由许多不同的信徒照耀出来。我们看过与新约职事的荣光有关的这些点,就知道牠远超过旧约职事的荣光。阿利路亚,新约职事的荣光在我们众人里面照耀!我能作见证,我为著主的职事来到美国时,主一直在我里面照耀。祂尊重祂的职事,并使用这职事。到处都开了门,我也应邀到各地访问。没有疑问,神在基督凯旋的行列中帅领著我们,我是这行列中的一名俘虏,同时也是带著香的人,散播对基督甜美的认识。许多信徒得著了属灵的帮助。今天三一神作为包罗万有赐生命的灵,在许多信徒里面照耀著。这与旧约的荣光大不相同。新约的荣光不是仅仅临到我们,乃是留在我们里面,并从我们里面照耀出来。
11Verse 11 says, “For if that which was being done away was through glory, much rather that which remains is in glory.” “Being done away” refers to the process of abolition through the spreading of the new covenant ministry. In verse 11 Paul does not say that that which was being done away was with glory or in glory. As we have pointed out, in verse 7 he says that it came in glory. Here he says that it was through glory. But the new covenant ministry is in glory. The one was through glory temporarily, whereas the latter remains in glory permanently. Furthermore, the glory of the old covenant ministry shone upon the face of one man. However, the glory of the new covenant ministry shines within millions of believers. The glory came merely as a visit to Moses, staying on his face only for a while. But once the glory of the new covenant ministry comes, it remains forever. It will never leave. Even though it shines, it does not shine upon the surface of the believers, that is, on the skin of our face. Instead, this new glory shines from within our being. Instead of coming to visit us, this glory comes to invade, pervade, permeate, soak, and saturate us. It comes first to saturate us and then to shine forth from within us. The old glory shone on Moses’ face individually, but the New Testament glory shines from many different believers. As we consider all these points related to the glory of the new covenant ministry, we shall realize that it is much superior to that of the old covenant ministry. Hallelujah, the glory of the ministry of the New Testament is shining in us all! I can testify that when I came to this country for the Lord’s ministry, the Lord was shining within me. He honored the ministry and used it. Doors were opened here and there, and I was invited to visit different places. No doubt, God was leading me in Christ’s triumphal procession. I was a captive in this procession and also an incense-bearer scattering the sweet knowledge of Christ. A good number of believers received spiritual help. Today the Triune God as the all-inclusive life-giving Spirit is shining in many believers. This is very different from the glory of the old covenant. The New Testament glory does not come to visit us; it comes to remain in us and to shine out from within us