2神给亚伯拉罕的应许,有应验的一面,也有享受的一面。应验应许是一回事,享受应许的福又是另一回事。就看一个人给另一个人应许而言,应验应许的人常常不是享受应许之福的人。通常给人应许的人,是应验应许的人,而接受应许的人,是享受应许之福的人。在神应许亚伯拉罕的事例中,严格说来,神不是应验应许者。反之,应许乃是由基督─那后裔来应验的。(16。)基督应验了神给亚伯拉罕的应许。因此,这应许的应验不在于亚伯拉罕的众子孙,乃在于亚伯拉罕那惟一的后裔。然而,论到享受这应许的福,众子孙都包含在内。那惟一的后裔是应验者,而众子孙是享受者。我们若明白这事,就能明白保罗在加拉太三章所说的。保罗写加拉太三章时,好像一个律师在写法律文件一般,他的用辞是专特而精确的。请看十六节:『应许原是向亚伯拉罕和他后裔说的。并不是说,「和众后裔,」像是指著许多人,乃是说,「和你那后裔,」指著一个人,就是基督。』在十九节和二十九节保罗也说到这后裔,但在二十六节他说到神的儿子(复数)。七节里亚伯拉罕的子孙(复数)就是二十六节里神的儿子(复数)。现在我们必须问:亚伯拉罕的众子孙怎能成为神的众子?答案与那后裔有关。一面,那后裔乃是承受应许的后嗣。然而,基督这位亚伯拉罕的后裔,也应验了应许。亚伯拉罕的子孙以色列人承受了迦南美地为业。在豫表里,美地表征基督。基督是后裔,也是美地。祂不仅是承受应许的后裔,祂也是美地;后裔与美地都是基督的豫表。基督是加拉太三章里那惟一的后裔,祂不仅承受了应许,也应验了应许。神赐给亚伯拉罕的应许,是由亚伯拉罕的后裔基督所应验的。
2Concerning God’s promise to Abraham, there is the aspect of fulfillment and the aspect of enjoyment. To fulfill the promise is one thing, but to enjoy the blessing of the promise is another. Concerning promises made by one person to another, the one who fulfills the promise is seldom the one who enjoys the blessing of the promise. Usually the person who makes the promise is the one to fulfill the promise, and the one to whom the promise is made is the one who enjoys its blessing. In the case of God’s promise to Abraham, God, strictly speaking, is not the one to fulfill the promise. Instead, the promise is fulfilled by the seed, Christ (v. 16). Christ has fulfilled God’s promise to Abraham. Thus, the fulfillment of this promise does not depend on the many sons of Abraham, but on the unique seed of Abraham. However, with respect to the enjoyment of the blessing of this promise, the many sons are involved. Whereas the unique seed is the fulfiller, the many sons are the enjoyers. If we understand this matter, we shall be able to understand what Paul is talking about in Galatians 3. Paul wrote the third chapter of Galatians as if he were an attorney writing a legal document. His wording is specific and precise. Consider verse 16: “But to Abraham were the promises spoken and to his seed. He does not say, And to the seeds, as concerning many, but as concerning one, And to your seed, Who is Christ.” In verses 19 and 29 Paul also refers to the seed. But in verse 26 he speaks of the sons of God. The sons of Abraham in verse 7 are the sons of God in verse 26. Now we must ask how the many sons of Abraham can be the many sons of God. The answer to this question involves the seed. On the one hand, the seed is the heir who inherits the promise. However, as the seed of Abraham, Christ also fulfills the promise. The children of Israel, the descendants of Abraham, inherited the good land of Canaan. In typology, the good land signifies Christ. Christ is both the seed and the land. He is not only the seed inheriting the promise; He is also the good land. Both the seed and the good land are types of Christ. As the unique seed in Galatians 3, Christ not only inherits the promise, but He also fulfills the promise. The promise God made to Abraham was fulfilled by Christ as Abraham’s seed.