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申命记生命读经 · 第15篇

律法的重申（八）

The Rehearsal of the Law (8)
1读经：申命记15:12-18;23:15-16,19-。本篇信息仍是一般律例和典章的重申，我们要进一步来看关于帮助缺乏的人。
1Scripture Reading: Deut. 15:1 2-18; 23:1 5-16, 19-20; 24:6, 10-15, 17-22 20; 24:6, 10-15, 17-22 In this message on the rehearsing of the general statutes and judgments, we will consider some further matters concerning aid to the needy.
４ 任希伯来仆婢自由
4. The Freeing of a Hebrew Male Servant or Female Servant
2申命记十五章十二至十八节说到任希伯来仆婢自由。这仆婢乃是神子民中的一个，只是卖了自己作别人的奴仆。
2Deuteronomy 15:12-18 speaks of the freeing of a Hebrew male servant or female servant. Such a servant was one of God’sp eople who sold himself to be someone’s slave
ａ仆人服事六年后，要让他们自由
a. The Servants Being Set Free after Six Years of Service
3『你弟兄，无论是希伯来男人或女人，若被卖给你，他要服事你六年，到第七年就要让他自由。』（申十五12。）希伯来仆人服事六年以后要让他自由，因为神是安息的神。祂六天完成了创造的工，就在第七天安息了。（创二２。）神所创造的人，也要六天工作，在第七天安息。在申命记十五章十二节，作工一段时间要安息的原则，也应用在希伯来仆人身上。我们由此看见神不仅有智慧，也对人有同情。神关心人，顾到人。
3If your brother, a Hebrew man or woman, is sold to you, he shall serve you six years; but in the seventh year you shall set him free” (v. 12). The reason a Hebrew servant was to be set free after six years of service is that God is a God of rest. After doing the work of creation for six days, He rested on the seventh day (Gen. 2:2). The people created by God were also to work for six days and rest on the seventh day. In Deuteronomy 15:12, the principle of resting after a period of work is applied to a Hebrew servant. From this we see that God is not only wise but also that He sympathizes with man. God is concerned for man and cares for man
ｂ主人让仆人自由的时候，不可使他们空手而去，乃要丰丰足足的给他们
b. The Master Not Sending the Servants Away Empty-handed but Supplying Them Richly
4『你让他自由的时候，不可使他空手而去。要从你羊群、禾场、酒醡之中，丰丰足足的给他；耶和华你的神怎样祝福你，你也要照样给他。』（申十五13～14。）神不是缺乏的神，乃是丰富、富庶、富余的神。为这缘故，主人要丰足的供应那得自由的仆人。
4When you set him free, you shall not send him away empty-handed; you must supply him richly out of your flock, your threshing floor, and your winepress; as Jehovah your God has blessed you, so shall you give to him” (vv. 13-14). God is not a God of scarcity but a God of riches, plenty, and surplus. For this reason, the master was to richly supply the servant who was being released
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5c. The Servants Who Would Not Go Forth from Their Masters
ｃ仆人若因爱主人和主人的家，不愿离开主人出去，他们的耳朵就要被刺透，永远作仆人
Because They Loved Their Masters and Their Households Having Their Ears Run Through with an Awl and Being Servants Forever
6『他若对你说，我不要离开你出去，因他爱你和你的家，且因在你那里很好，你就要拿锥子，将他的耳朵在门上刺透，他就要永远作你的仆人。你待婢女也要这样。』（申十五16～17。）这是我们作主耶稣之奴仆的绝佳豫表。我们爱祂，爱祂的家，不要离开祂，就告诉祂我们要留下来永远服事祂。我们这样甘心乐意的奉献给主耶稣，祂永不拒绝，祂总是接纳。然后祂会拿『锥子』将我们的『耳朵』（代表我们），在门上（代表神）刺透。因此耳朵就与门成为一，耳朵与门就有很多交通。从那时起，在我们与主的关系中，我们有了听话的耳朵。我们是在门那里，等候听主人的声音，并且要事奉祂。所有全时间者的耳朵，都被主用『锥子刺透』了。我们可以说，他们的耳朵已被『钉』在门柱上。现在他们的耳上有一个洞。这个洞不是为著戴耳环装饰自己，乃是为著事奉，因为事奉需要有听话的耳朵。我们若有听话的耳朵，就没有任何事使我们离开主人了。
6If he says to you, I will not go forth from you, because he loves you and your household, for it goes well with him to be with you; you shall take an awl and run it through his ear and into the door, and he shall be your servant forever; and thus also shall you do to your female servant” (vv. 16-17). This is an excellent type of us as slaves of the Lord Jesus. We love Him, we love His family, and, not wanting to leave Him, we tell Him that we want to remain in His service forever. Whenever we make such a free-will offering to the Lord Jesus, He will never reject it but will always accept it. Then He will run an “awl” through our “ear,” representing us, and into the “door,” representing God. The ear thus becomes one with the door, and there is much traffic between the ear and the door. From that time onward, our relationship with the Lord is one in which we have a listening ear. We are at the door, waiting to hear the voice of the Master and to serve Him. All the full-timers have had their ears “awled” by the Lord. We may say that they have had their ears “nailed” to the doorpost. Now there is a hole in their ear. This hole is not for an earring (something for beautification) but for service, which requires a hearing ear. If we have a hearing ear, nothing will keep us away from our Master
7主耶稣作神的仆人，祂的耳朵是用锥子刺透了的。（赛五十５。）祂耳朵上有一个洞，所以祂与祂所事奉的父神之间，有彻底的交通。我们的光景也该是这样。希伯来的仆人要永远作他主人的仆人，意思就是他放弃自己的自由，不再有自由了。六年的末了，仆人有自由出去，然而但一旦他决定留下，耳朵用锥子刺透了，他就再也没有自由离开了。我能见证，我作主的仆人，我看自己是没有自由，没有将来的。实在说来，我是『完了，』因为我的耳朵已经被我的神钉在门柱上了。我盼望年轻人对自己有这种感觉，会说，『我永远属于主耶稣，我的耳朵已经钉在祂的门柱上了，我已经放弃我的自由了。』
7As the Slave of God, the Lord Jesus had His ear run through with an awl (Isa. 50:5). On His ear there was a hole, so between Him and God the Father, whom He served, there was a thorough traffic. The situation with us should be the same. For a Hebrew servant to be his master’s servant forever meant that he gave up his liberty and no longer had any freedom. At the end of six years, the servant was free to go, but once he decided to stay and had his ear run through with an awl, he would never again have the freedom to leave. I can testify that, as a servant of the Lord, I consider myself as having no freedom and no future. In a very real sense, I am “finished,” for my ear has been nailed to the doorpost of my God. I hope that the young ones will have this kind of feeling about themselves and that they will say, “I belong to the Lord Jesus forever. My ear has been nailed to His doorpost, and I have given up my freedom
ｄ主人让仆人自由的时候，不可看为难事
d. The Masters Not Viewing It as a Hardship When They Set the Servants Free
8『你让他自由的时候，不可看为难事，因为他服事你六年，为你省了双倍雇工的工价；耶和华你的神必在你所作一切事上，祝福你。』（申十五18。）主人可能觉得损失了买仆人的价银，又损失了仆人本身。这使他为难。摩西这老人必定很认识人性，所以嘱咐主人不可看仆人得著自由为难事。他们不可贪婪或悲伤，却要高兴，看见仆人为他们省了许多工价，并且耶和华他们的神必定祝福他们。
8“You shall not view it as a hardship when you set him free; for he served you for six years, saving you double the wages of a hired hand, and Jehovah your God will bless you in all that you do” (Deut. 15:18). The masters might have felt that they had lost both the cost of buying the servant and the servant himself, and this could have caused them to be sorrowful. Therefore, Moses, an old man who surely knew human nature, charged the masters not to view the release of a servant as a hardship. They were not to be greedy or sad but happy, realizing that the servant had saved them much in wages and that Jehovah their God would bless them.
５ 照顾逃跑的奴仆
5. Taking Care of an Escaped Slave
9在二十三章十五至十六节，摩西说到照顾逃跑的奴仆。
9In 23:15-16 Moses gave a word about taking care of an escaped slave
ａ以色列人不可将逃脱主人的奴仆
a. An Israelite Not to Deliver to His Master
10交付他的主人『若有奴仆脱了主人的手，逃到你那里，你不可将他交付他的主人。』（申二三15。）神不容许以色列人将逃跑的仆人交付他的主人，这与我们的想法相反。反之，奴仆所往之处，那里的人要帮助奴仆。
10a Slave Who Had Escaped from His Master to Him “You shall not deliver to his master the slave who has escaped from his master to you” (v. 15). Contrary to what we might think, God did not allow an Israelite to send an escaped slave back to his master. Rather, the one to whom the slave escaped was to help the slave
ｂ要让奴仆与以色列人同住，在以色列城邑中要任他选择地方居住
b. The Slave Dwelling in Israel, Even in the Place Which He Chose among the Towns
11『他必在你那里与你同住，在你的城邑中，要任他选择所喜悦的地方居住；你不可欺负他。』（申二三。）按照神的安排，奴仆似乎有权利逃跑，且可以居住在自己选择的地方。这启示我们的神有何等的心肠。神的心总是乐意赦免并释放，不是要定罪。这指明我们该有这样的心肠，赦免我们在主里的弟兄。
11“He shall dwell with you, even in your midst, in the place which he chooses among your towns, wherever he pleases; you shall not oppress him” (v. 16). It seems that, according to God’s arrangement, a slave had a 16 right to escape and then to dwell in the place of his choice. This reveals what kind of heart our God has. God’she art is always willing to forgive and to release, not to condemn. This indicates that we should have the heart to forgive our brothers in the Lord.
６ 不可向弟兄收利息
6. Not Making a Brother Pay Interest
12以色列人不可向弟兄收利息，无论钱财的利息、粮食的利息、或是甚么可生利之物的利息。（申二三19。）以色列人可以向外人收利息，只是不可向弟兄这样作，使耶和华他的神在他所行的一切事上都祝福他。（申二三20。）这件事不仅包括以色列人和他的弟兄，也包括神，祂是在一切之上，看见每一件事。
12An Israelite was not to make a brother pay interest on money, on food, or on anything on which one pays interest (v. 19). An Israelite could make a foreigner pay interest but was not to make a brother do so, in order that Jehovah his God might bless him in all his undertakings (v. 20). This was a matter involving not only an Israelite and his brother but also God, who is above all and sees everything.
７ 拿人的手磨石或上磨石作抵押
7. Taking a Handmill or an Upper Millstone as a Pledge
13『不可拿人的手磨石，或是上磨石作抵押，因为这是拿人的性命作抵押。』（申二四６。）性命，直译，魂。在这节里，我们看见以色列人不可拿人的手磨石或上磨石作抵押，因为那就是把人的性押。神不容忍这事。即使借方除了手磨石或上磨石以外，没有别的东西，借主也不可拿牠作抵押。他要不拿抵押借给人。这律例启示神是慈爱的，祂顾到人。８关于向借贷的人拿抵押
13One shall not take a handmill or an upper millstone as a pledge, for he takes the livelihood as a pledge” (24:6). The Hebrew word for “livelihood” here is nephesh, which means soul, life. In this verse we see that an Israelite was not allowed to take one’s handmill or upper millstone as a pledge, for that would be to take one’s livelihood as a pledge. God would not tolerate this. Even if a borrower had nothing other than a handmill or upper millstone to give as a pledge, the lender was not to take such a pledge. Instead, he was to make the loan without a pledge. This statute reveals that God is loving and full of care. 8. Concerning Taking a Pledge from the Borrower
申命记二十四章十至十三节说到向
Deuteronomy 24:10-13 speaks concerning taking a
14借贷的人拿抵押。
14Pledge from the Borrower
ａ借主不可进借贷之人的家，乃要站在外面
a. The Lender Not Entering the Borrower’sHo use but Standing Outside
15以色列人无论借给邻舍甚么，都不可进他的家拿他的抵押。（申二四。）他们要站在外面，等那借贷的人把抵押拿出来给他们。（申二四11。）这些小点指明我们的神在顾到祂子民的事上是细致的。
15When the children of Israel lent anything to their neighbor, they were not to enter his house in order to take his pledge (v. 10). Rather, they were to stand 10 outside, and the borrower was to bring the pledge out to them (v. 11). These small points indicate that our God is detailed in His care for His people.
ｂ借主在日落之前把抵押归还
b. The Lender Returning the Pledge before the Sun Went Down
16十二、十三节接著说，『他若是穷人，你不可留他的抵押过夜。日落的时候，总要把抵押还他，使他盖著那件外衣睡觉，他就为你祝福。这在耶和华你神面前，就是你的义了。』若借主到日落仍不归还抵押，借贷的人会在他的神面前控告他，说，『主阿，我的债主不将我的外衣还给我，我没有东西用来遮身睡觉。』不归还外衣，只会使债主受苦，不会使他蒙福。但他若在日落以前归还外衣，借贷的人就会祝福他，神也会把借主归还外衣的事，算为在祂面前的义。
16Verses 12 and 13 go on to say, “If he is a poor man, you shall not sleep with his pledge; you must return his pledge to him when the sun goes down, so that he may sleep in his mantle and bless you; and it will be righteousness to you before Jehovah your God.” If the lender did not return the pledge by sundown, the borrower could accuse him before God, saying, “Lord, my lender will not let me have my mantle, and I have nothing to sleep in.” Not returning the mantle could cause the lender to have suffering instead of blessing. But if he returned the mantle before the sun went down, the borrower would bless him, and God would count the lender’s returning the mantle as righteousness before Him
９ 关于给穷乏雇工的工价
9. Concerning the Wages Given to the Poor Hired Servant
17在二十四章十四至十五节是论到给穷乏雇工之工价的话。以色列人不可欺负困苦穷乏的雇工，无论他是他们的弟兄，或是寄居在他们中间的人。（申二四14上。）以色列人要给雇工当日所赚的工价，不可等到日落。（申二四15。）他们不可欠那为他们作工的，恐怕他向耶和华呼求指控他们，罪便归他们了。（申二四15下。）
17In 24:14 and 15 we have a word concerning the wages given to the poor hired servant. The children of Israel were not to oppress a poor and needy hired servant among their brothers or among the sojourners with them (v. 14). On the day that the hired servant earned his wages, the children of Israel were to give him his wages before the sun went down (v. 15a). They were not to owe anything to the one who worked for them. Otherwise, he could cry against them to Jehovah, and it would become sin in them (v. 15b).
10 记念寄居的和孤儿寡妇的需要
10. In Remembering the Need of a Sojourner, an Orphan, or a Widow
18在二十四章十七至二十二节，我们看见以色列人要记念寄居的和孤儿寡妇的需要。这指明以色列人不仅要帮助有缺乏的人，也要记念他们的需要。他们不是等有缺乏的人来找他们，乃是要记念他们，然后为他们作事。
18In 24:17-22 we see that the children of Israel were to remember the need of a sojourner, an orphan, or a widow. This indicates that the children of Israel were not only to give to aid the needy ones but were also to remember their need. Instead of waiting for the needy ones to come to them, they were to remember them and then do something for them
ａ以色列人不可向寄居的和孤儿寡妇屈枉正直，
a. The Children of Israel Not to Distort Justice Due a Sojourner
19也不可拿寡妇的衣服作抵押以色列人不可向寄居的和孤儿寡妇屈枉正直，也不可拿寡妇的衣服作抵押。（申二四17。）他们要记念他们在埃及作过奴隶，耶和华他们的神将他们从那里救赎出来。（申二四18。）
19or an Orphan, or to Take a Widow’s Garment as a Pledge The children of Israel were not to distort justice due a sojourner or an orphan, nor were they to take a widow’s garment as a pledge (v. 17). They were to remember that they were slaves in Egypt and that Jehovah their God had ransomed them from there (v. 18
ｂ不可回去收取田里忘记拿取的禾捆，乃要留给寄居的和孤儿寡妇
b. Not Turning Back to Gather a Forgotten Sheaf in the Field but Leaving It for the Sojourner, the Orphan, and the Widow
20以色列人在田间收割庄稼，若忘了一捆在田里，不可再回去拿。这捆要留给寄居的和孤儿寡妇，使耶和华他们的神在他们所行的一切事上祝福他们。（申二四。）留在田里的乃是神为著穷乏之人的庄稼。收割庄稼的人若不回去拿那忘记拿取的禾捆，却留给穷人，这会给神机会，在这人所行的一切事上，就是在他一切的事业上，祝福他。
20When the children of Israel reaped their harvest in their field and they forgot a sheaf in the field, they were not to turn back to gather it. This sheaf was to be for the sojourner, the orphan, and the widow, in order that Jehovah their God might bless them in all their undertakings (v. 19). What was left in the field 19 was to be God’s harvest for the poor ones. If the one who reaped the harvest did not turn back to gather the forgotten sheaf but left it for the poor, this would give God an opportunity to bless this one in all his undertakings, that is, in all his business.
ｃ打下橄榄树的果子后，不可再去查看
c. Beating Down the Fruit of Their Olive Tree and Not Going over the Boughs Afterwards
21以色列人打下橄榄树的果子之后，不可再去查看。那些留在树上的橄榄，要留给寄居的和孤儿寡妇。（申二四20。）
21When the children of Israel beat down the fruit of their olive tree, they were not to go over the boughs afterwards. The olives that remained on the tree were to be for the sojourner, the orphan, and the widow (v. 20
ｄ割取葡萄园的葡萄时，所剩的不可再割
d. Cutting the Grapes from Their Vineyard and Not Gleaning Afterwards
22以色列人割取葡萄园的葡萄时，所剩的不可再割。那剩下的葡萄要留给寄居的和孤儿寡妇。（申二四21。）主给了这律例之后，就说，『你要记念你在埃及地作过奴隶，所以我吩咐你这样行。』（申二四22。）百姓割取葡萄园的葡萄后，剩下的不可再割，这乃是记念他们在埃及作过奴隶。他们要有这样的记念，将葡萄园里的一些葡萄留给有缺乏的人。
22When the children of Israel cut the grapes from their vineyard, they were not to glean afterwards. The remaining grapes were to be for the sojourner, the orphan, and the widow (v. 21). After giving this statute, the Lord said, “You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt; therefore I am commanding you to do this thing” v. 22). For the people not to glean after cutting the grapes from their vineyard was for them to remember that they were slaves in Egypt. They were to have such a remembrance and leave some grapes in the vineyard for the needy ones
23假定葡萄园的园主知道割取葡萄后不可再回去割取，就在割取葡萄时非常仔细严格，尽量不留下一串葡萄。这么严格的人将要受到神严格的对付。神会从这样严格之人的工作中拿掉祝福。到了年底，他不会有很大的收益。但那不严格割取葡萄，却留下成串的葡萄给有缺乏者的人，会蒙神祝福。到了年底，他可能惊讶的发现，因著神的祝福，他的收益远远超过他所想望的。论到帮助缺乏之人的律例和典章，指明神是又真又活的。我们在借给并收割的事上，无论作甚么，都该记念神需要我们顾到缺乏的人。我们若记念这需要，神就会在暗中记念我们，在我们所行的一切事上，在我们一切的事业上，记念并祝福我们。我们都必须相信这事。我们在作自己的事业时，该记念神子民中间缺乏的人，并体贴他们。我们若有心顾到缺乏的人，自然会留下一分给他们。神会看见并因而高兴。然后，祂会暗中进来祝福我们的工作或事业。不仅我们要蒙福，神子民的整体也要在祂的祝福之下。结果就不会有缺乏，反而经常绰绰有余。这延续的富余就要显出神的丰富。
23Suppose the owner of a vineyard, knowing that he was not allowed to glean after cutting the grapes, decided to be very careful and strict in cutting the grapes, trying not to leave any clusters of grapes behind. The one who was so strict would have been dealt with strictly by God. God would have withdrawn His blessing from the work of such a strict one. At the end of the year, he would not have much profit. But the one who was not strict in cutting the grapes but left clusters for the needy ones would be blessed by God. At the end of the year, he might be surprised to see that, because of God’s blessing, his profit greatly exceeded his expectations. The statutes and judgments concerning aid to the needy indicate that God is living and real. In all that we do in the matters of lending and harvesting, we should remember God’s need with respect to the needy ones. If we remember this need, then secretly God will remember us and bless us in all our undertakings, in all our business. We all have to believe this. As we are doing our business, we should remember the needy ones among God’s children and have a heart toward them. If we have a heart to care for the needy ones, spontaneously we will set aside a portion for them. God will see this and He will be happy about it. Then, in a secret way, He will come in to bless our work or business. Not only will we be blessed, but the body of God’sp eople will be under His blessing. As a result, instead of scarcity, there will constantly be surplus upon surplus. This continual surplus will show forth the riches of God