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申命记生命读经 · 第27篇

立 约

The Enactment of the Covenant
1读经：申命记二十九至三十章。
1Scripture Reading: Deut. 29—30
2在重申律法，并说了带著祝福和咒诅的警告之后，神吩咐摩西要与新的一代立约。先前的一代四十年前在何烈山领受过约，但在二十九、三十章这里，神吩咐摩西与新的一代另立一个约。在本篇信息中，我们要来看这约的制定。
2After the rehearsal of the law and the word of warning with the blessings and the curses, God charged Moses to make a covenant with the new generation. The former generation had received a covenant forty years prior at Horeb, but in chapters twenty-nine and thirty God charged Moses to enact another covenant with the new generation. In this message we will consider the enactment of this covenant
壹 引言
I. THE INTRODUCTORY WORD
3二十九章一至十七节乃是引言。
3In 29:1-17 we have the introductory word
一 在神与百姓在何烈山所立的约之外另立的约
A. A Covenant besides the Covenant God Made with the People at Horeb
4二十九至三十章所立的约，乃是耶和华吩咐摩西与以色列人在摩押地所立的约。这是祂与他们在何烈山，也就是西乃山，所立的约之外的约。（申二九1。）警告是题醒百姓，立约是坚固这警告。
4The covenant enacted in chapters twenty-nine and thirty was the covenant which Jehovah commanded Moses to make with the children of Israel in the land of Moab. This means that it was a covenant besides the one He made with them at Horeb, that is, at Mount Sinai (29:1). The warning was to remind the people, whereas the enactment of the covenant was to establish the warning
二 根据已过的经历
B. Based upon the Experiences of the Past
5这次立约是根据已过的经历。（申二九2～8，16～17。）
5The enactment of the covenant was based upon the experiences of the past (vv. 2-8, 16-17
１ 以色列人所看见耶和华在埃及地所行的
1. All That the Children of Israel Saw Which Jehovah Did in the Land of Egypt
一切大神迹并奇事
with Great Signs and Wonders
6立约是根据以色列人所看见耶和华在埃及地所行的一切大神迹并奇事，在那日以前，耶和华一直没有使他们心能明白，眼能看见，耳能听见。（申二九2～4，16上。）因著以色列人在旷野中背叛，所以他们不明白神对他们所作的。他们经过许多事，但他们是在黑暗中，因此无法明白所发生的事。
6The enactment of the covenant was based upon all that the children of Israel saw which Jehovah did in the land of Egypt with great signs and wonders, for which Jehovah had not given them a heart to understand, eyes to see, and ears to hear until that day (vv. 2-4, 16a). Because the children of Israel were rebellious in the wilderness, they did not understand what God was doing with them. They passed through many things, but they were in darkness and thus did not know what was happening
２ 他们在旷野中所经历的一切
2. All That They Had Experienced in the Wilderness
7这次立约也是根据以色列人在旷野四十年来所经历的一切。（申二九5上，16下～17。）他们身上的衣服没有穿破，脚上的鞋也没有穿坏。他们没有吃饼，也没有喝清酒、浓酒，这要使他们认识耶和华是他们的神。（申二九5下～6。）
7The enactment of the covenant was also based upon all that the children of Israel had experienced in the wilderness for forty years (vv. 5a, 16b-17). Their clothing did not wear out, and they did not eat bread nor drink wine or strong drink, that they might know that Jehovah was their God (vv. 5b-6).
３ 击杀了希实本王西宏、巴珊王噩，取了他们的地
3. Slaying Sihon, the King of Heshbon, and Og, the King of Bashan, and Taking Their Land
8以色列人击杀了希实本王西宏、巴珊王噩，取了他们的地给流便、迦得、和玛拿西这两个半支派为业。（申二九7～8。）耶和华在百姓面前所行的这一切神迹，是要加强以色列人，并向他们保证祂能履行祂所应许的。因此，过去的这些经历就成了立约的根据。
8The children of Israel slew Sihon, the king of Heshbon, and Og, the king of Bashan, and took their land for the inheritance of the two and a half tribes of Reuben and Gad and Manasseh (vv. 7-8). All these things were miracles done by the Lord before the eyes of the people in order to strengthen the children of Israel and assure them that He would fulfill whatever He had promised. Hence, these experiences of the past became a base for the enactment of the covenant
三 立约的对象和目的
C. The Objects and the Purpose of the Enactment of the Covenant
9二十九章九至十五节记载了立约的对象和目的。
9In 29:9-15 we have the objects and the purpose for the enactment of the covenant
１ 对象
1. The Objects
10立约的对象乃是各支派的首领、长老、官长、以色列的男子、他们的小孩、妻子、和寄居的，为他们劈柴挑水的人。（申二九10～11。）这包括那时站在耶和华面前的人，也包括当时不在场的人。（申二九14～15。）
10The objects of the covenant were the leaders, the elders, the officers, every man of Israel, the little ones, the wives, and the sojourners with them, from the men who chopped their wood to the men who drew their water (vv. 10-11). The objects also included all those who were there before Jehovah and those who were not there (vv. 14-15
２ 目的
2. The Purpose
ａ使以色列人进入耶和华他们的神与他们所立的约，并祂向他们所起的誓
a. For the Children of Israel to Enter into a Covenant with Jehovah Their God and into His Oath
11立约的目的是要使以色列人进入耶和华他们的神与他们所立的约，并祂向他们所起的誓，好叫他们谨守遵行这约的话，得以在一切所行的事上亨通。（申二九12，9。）这约不是一般的契约，乃是一种誓言。这里的约可比作双方关系人在其上签了名的合约。这样的约乃是神藉著作中保的摩西立的。
11The purpose of the enactment of the covenant was for the children of Israel to enter into a covenant with Jehovah their God and into His oath, which He was making with them, so that they would keep the words of that covenant and do them that they might prosper in all that they did (vv. 12, 9). This covenant was not an ordinary agreement but a kind of oath. The covenant here may be compared to a contract to which the parties involved sign their names. Such a covenant was made by God though Moses, who was the mediator.
ｂ使神立以色列人作祂的子民，祂作他们的神
b. For God to Establish the Children of Israel as His People and Himself as Their God
12立约的另一目的，乃是要使神立以色列人作祂的子民，祂作他们的神。（申二九13。）神和以色列人，双方都同意并『签了』约。以色列人要遵行他们的部分，神也要遵行祂的部分。这样就立了约。
12The purpose of the enactment of the covenant was also for God to establish the children of Israel as His people and Himself as their God (v. 13). Both parties, God and the children of Israel, were in agreement and “signed” the covenant. The children of Israel were to do their part, and God was to do His part. This was the enactment of the covenant
贰 约的内容
II. THE CONTENTS OF THE COVENANT
13二十九章十八节至三十章十节记载了约的内容。这是很重要的。
13In 29:18— 30:10 we have the contents of the covenant. This is an important matter
一 以色列人中间，或男、或女、或家族、或支派，不可有人心里偏离耶和华他们的神，去事奉列国的神；他们中间不可有恶根生出毒菜和茵𫈟来
A. There Not Being among the Children of Israel Any Man, Woman, Family, or Tribe Whose Heart Turned Away from Jehovah Their God,to Go and Serve the Gods of the Nations, and There Not Being among Them a Root Bearing Poisonous Fruit and Wormwood
14以色列人中间，或男、或女、或家族、或支派，不可有人心里偏离耶和华他们的神，去事奉列国的神。（申二九18上。）这是神对以色列人惟一的忧虑。祂忧虑他们有一天会偏离祂，去行偶像的路。这对神乃是侮辱，并使神严厉的惩罚百姓。不仅如此，以色列人中间不可有恶根生出毒菜和茵𫈟来，（申二九18下，）不可有人心里自夸，说，『我虽然行事心里顽梗，毁灭一切，还是会得平安。』（申二九19。）这里的『恶根』是指从百姓中间起来的背叛者，与行传二十章三十节所说的那些人相似，那些人说『悖谬的话，要勾引门徒跟从他们。』至终，这样的背叛者成了恶根，生出毒菜和茵𫈟来。『毁坏一切，』直译，将滋润的和干旱的一并毁灭；这是希伯来成语，指明他在一路上毁灭一切。耶和华必不情愿饶恕这种人，反而祂的怒气与忌恨，要向那人如烟发作，将这书上所写的一切咒诅，都加在他身上，并且耶和华要从天下涂抹他的名。（申二九20。）不仅如此，耶和华还要将他从以色列众支派中分别出来，使他受祸。（申二九21。）
14There was not to be among the children of Israel any man, woman, family, or tribe whose heart turned away from Jehovah their God, to go and serve the gods of the nations (v. 18a). This was God’s unique concern regarding Israel. He was concerned that some day they would turn away from Him and go the way of the idols. This would be an insult to God, and it would cause Him to punish the people severely. Furthermore, there was not to be among the children of Israel a root bearing poisonous fruit and wormwood (v. 18b), one who blessed himself in his heart, saying, “I will have peace, though I walk in the stubbornness of my heart; to the ruin of the moist with the dry” (v. 19). The root here refers to a rebellious person who rises up from among the people, similar to those mentioned in Acts 20:30, the ones who speak “perverted things to draw away the disciples after themselves.” Eventually, such a rebellious person becomes a root bearing poisonous fruit and wormwood. The expression to the ruin of the moist with the dry is a Hebrew idiom indicating destruction of everything in his path. Jehovah would not be willing to pardon this kind of person, but rather His anger and jealousy would fume against that man, all the curses in this book would settle on him, and Jehovah would blot out his name from under heaven (v. 20). Moreover, Jehovah would separate him unto evil out of all the tribes of Israel (v. 21).
二 以色列人的后代，和远方来的外人，看见这地的疫症，并这地的疾病
B. The Following Generation of Israel and the Foreigner Coming from a Distant Land, Seeing the Plagues of the Land and Its Diseases
15以色列人的后代，和远方来的外人，看见这地的疫症，并这地的疾病，又看见遍地有硫磺、盐卤、火，没有播种，没有发苗，连草都不生长，必说，『耶和华为甚么向这地如此行？』（申二九22～24。）答案乃是因以色列人离弃耶和华的约，去事奉别神，所以耶和华的怒气向这地发作，将一切咒诅都降在这地上；耶和华在怒气、大恼恨中，将他们从他们的地拔出来，扔在别的地上。（申二九25～28。）二十九节下结语说，『隐秘的事，是属耶和华我们神的，惟有显露的事，是永远属我们和我们子孙的，好叫我们遵行这律法上的一切话。』这指明我们该顾到显露的事，不要寻求隐藏的事。对申命记二十九章里的以色列人来说，显露的事乃是律法、诫命、律例和典章。他们要顾到这些事，好叫他们可以遵行律法上的一切话。三以色列人在万国中，
15The following generation of Israel and the foreigner coming from a distant land, seeing the plagues of the land and its diseases, and that all the land was sulphur and salt, a burning waste, that it was not sown, nor did it sprout, nor did any vegetation come up in it, would say, “Why has Jehovah done this to this land?” (vv. 22- 24). The answer would be that because the children of Israel forsook the covenant of Jehovah and went and served other gods, the anger of Jehovah burned against that land, bringing upon it all the curses; and Jehovah plucked them out of their land in anger and in great indignation and sent them to another land (vv. 25-28). Verse 29 concludes, “The things that are hidden belong to Jehovah our God; but the things that are revealed, to us and our children forever, that we may do all the words of this law.” This indicates that we should take care of the revealed things and not seek the hidden things. For the children of Israel in Deuteronomy 29, the things revealed were the law, the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments. They were to take care of these things so that they might do all the words of the law. C. The Children of Israel, While Living among the Nations
若全心、全魂归向耶和华他们的神，听从祂的话，祂必救回他们这被掳的
Returning to Jehovah Their God and Listening to His Voice with All Their Heart and with All Their Soul, and He Turning Their Captivity
16以色列人在耶和华他们的神赶他们到的万国中，他们和他们的子孙若全心、全魂归向耶和华他们的神，听从祂的话，耶和华他们的神就必怜恤他们，救回他们这被掳的；祂要从分散他们到的万民中，将他们招聚回来，领他们进入他们列祖所得的地，又必善待他们，使他们的人数增多。（申三十1～5。）祂必使他们的心受割礼，（申三十6上，）意思就是变化他们背叛的天性。他们必全心、全魂爱祂。（申三十6下。）祂必将一切的咒诅加在他们仇敌身上，使他们所行的一切事，都繁盛有余，并要喜悦他们，善待他们。（申三十7～10。）
16If while living among the nations, to whom Jehovah their God would drive them, the children of Israel and their children would return to Him and listen to His voice with all their heart and with all their soul, He would turn their captivity and be compassionate to them, and He would gather them from all the peoples among whom He had scattered them and bring them into the land which their fathers possessed and would do good for them and multiply them (30:1-5). He would circumcise their heart (v. 6a), meaning that He would somewhat transform their rebellious nature. They would then love Him with all their heart and with all their soul (v. 6b). He would put all the curses upon their enemies and would give them an excess of prosperity in all their undertakings, and would exult over them for good (vv. 7-10).
17这应许乃是个豫言，还未得著应验，但我们都在等待这应验。目前世界的局势，已非常接近这豫言的应验了。至终，犹太人要重建圣殿；就是现在，他们也在为此豫备。在他们收复旧殿的所在地之后，不久圣殿就要建立起来。当我们看到这些事发生的时候，就知道表征复兴时代的『夏天』近了。（太二四32与注。）我们都该为此豫备，并要儆醒祷告。
17This promise, which is a prophecy, has not yet been fulfilled, but we are waiting for the fulfillment. The world situation is very advanced with respect to the fulfillment of this prophecy. Eventually, the Jews will rebuild the temple, and even now they are making preparations for this. Soon after they have recovered the site of the old temple, the temple will be erected. When we see these things taking place, we will know that the “summer” of the time of restoration is near (Matt. 24:32 and notes). We should all be prepared for this and should watch and pray
参 结语
III. THE CONCLUDING WORD
18三十章十一至二十节是摩西的结语。
18In 30:11-20 we have Moses’ concluding word
一 摩西所吩咐以色列人的诫命，于他们不是太难的，离他们也不远
A. The Commandment Which Moses Was Commanding the Children of Israel Not Being Too Difficult for Them, nor Being Distant
19摩西所吩咐以色列人的诫命，于他们不是太难的，离他们也不远；（申三十11；）不是在天上，使他们说，『谁要升到天上替我们取来，使我们听见就可以遵行？』（申三十；）也不是在海外，使他们说，『谁要过海替我们取来，使我们听见就可以遵行？』（申三十13。）这诫离他们甚近，就在他们口里，也在他们心里，使他们可以遵行。（申三十14。）我们已经指出，在罗马十章六至十节，保罗将这里的『话』解释为基督，给新约的信徒接受，好得著救恩。我们说整卷申命记都揭示基督，乃是基于此。
19The commandment which Moses was commanding the children of Israel was not too difficult for them, nor was it distant (v. 11). It was not in heaven that they should say, “Who will ascend to heaven for us and bring it to us that we may hear it and do it?” (v. 12). Nor was it across the sea that they should 12 say, “Who will go across the sea for us and bring it to us that we may hear it and do it?” (v. 13). But the commandment was very near to them, even in their mouth and in their heart, that they might do it (v. 14). As we have pointed out, in Romans 10:6-10 Paul relates the word spoken here to Christ for the New Testament believers to receive for salvation. This is our basis for saying that Christ is unveiled throughout the book of Deuteronomy.
二 摩西将生与福，死与祸，摆在以色列人面前
B. Moses Putting before the Children of Israel Life and Good, and Death and Evil
20摩西将生与福，死与祸，摆在以色列人面前。（申三十15。）他们若遵从耶和华他们神的诫命，爱祂，行在祂的道路上，谨守祂的诫命、律例、典章，使他们得以活著，人数增多，祂就必在他们进去要得的地上祝福他们。（申三十16。）倘若他们的心偏离不听从，却被勾引去敬拜事奉别神，他们必要灭亡。（申三十17～18上。）在他们过约但河进去要得的地上，他们的日子必不长久。（申三十18下。）摩西呼天唤地向他们作见证：他将生命与死亡，祝福与咒诅，摆在他们面前；（申三十19上；）他劝他们要拣选生命，使他们和他们的后裔得以活著，爱耶和华他们的神，听从祂的话，专靠祂；因为祂是他们的生命，他们的日子长久，乃在乎祂，使他们可以住在祂向他们列祖起誓应许所赐的地上。（申三十19下～20。）
20Moses put before the children of Israel life and good, and death and evil (v. 15). If they obeyed the commandment of Jehovah their God to love Him, walk in His ways, and keep His commandments, statutes, and judgments, they would live and multiply, and He would bless them in the land which they would enter and possess (v. 16). But if their heart turned and they did not listen, but rather they were drawn away in worship to other gods and served them, they would surely perish (vv. 17-18a). Their days would not be extended upon the land which they would possess over the Jordan (v. 18b). Moses called heaven and earth to witness against them: he had set before them life and death, blessing and curse (v. 19a). He exhorted them to choose life that they and their seed might live, in loving Jehovah their God by listening to His voice and holding fast to Him; for He was their life and the length of their days, that they might dwell upon the land which He swore to their fathers to give them (vv. 19b-20).
21我们由申命记二十九至三十章的立约，可以看出神对祂子民心头的愿望，乃是要他们与祂合作。遵守诫命、律例、典章，就是与神合作。这乃是神想要我们作的。我们要说，『主，我与你站在一起。我接受你、你的旨意、和你的话。』然而，我们不该想要在自己里面并凭自己作这事。这样作乃是侮辱主。我们只该让祂作一切，来与祂合作。我们若这样作，就不会成为作事的人，乃成为享受的人。如此，一切都会得到应验。
21By considering the enactment of the covenant in Deuteronomy 29 and 30, we can see that what is on God’she art concerning His people is that they would cooperate with Him. To keep the commandments, the statutes, and the judgments—this is just to cooperate with God. This is what God wants us to do. We need to say, “Lord, I stand with You. I take You, Your will, and Your word.” However, we should not try to do this in ourselves and by ourselves. To do this is to insult the Lord. We should simply cooperate with Him by letting Him do everything. If we do this, we will become not the doers but the enjoyers. Then everything will be fulfilled
22我们要记得，就如我们在前一篇信息所看见的，在美地入口有石碑，其上写著神的要求，要求我们满足神的愿望。当我们承认自己无法满足这些要求时，就该转向祭坛，以及那表征基督是我们之代替的供物，并且要作享受的人，不作作事的人。这样我们就要福上加福。
22Let us remember that, as we saw in the foregoing message, at the entry of the good land was a monument upon which God’s requirements were written, demanding that we satisfy God’s desire. When we admit that we are not able to fulfill these requirements, we should turn to the altar with the offerings, which signify Christ as our Substitute, and be enjoyers instead of doers. Then we will receive blessing upon blessing